一．新闻的定义
“新闻是新近发生的事实的报道” （《我们对于新闻学的基本观点》）
正在发生的或将要发生的事实也是新闻报道特别是广播电视新闻的对象。
"Taikonauts" a sign of China's growing global influence
2008-09-25 14:03:07 GMT2008-09-25 22:03:07 (Beijing Time) Xinhua English
BEIJING, Sept. 25 (Xinhua) -- As China made another giant leap into space with the Shenzhou-7 craft launch on Thursday carrying a crew that is scheduled to make the nation's first space walk.
The word "taikonaut" cropped up in media reports around the world. It's appearing in dictionaries, too.
The word is a hybrid of the Chine term "taikong" (space) and the Greek "naut" (traveler), or astronaut, according to the Conci Oxford English Dictionary. Another variation on the t
有关阅读的诗句erm is "cosmonaut", coined during the Soviet space era.
"The fact that taikonaut has been listed in popular dictionaries like Oxford and Longman shows that the word has been recognized by quite a number of English speakers. It can be en as another sign of China's growing global influence," said Chen Lin, a linguistics professor at the Beijing Foreign Studies University.
"It is not the first time that a Chine word was 'adopted' by urs of a foreign language," Chen said, citing such terms as kungfu, hutong (the small alleys en in Beijing) and names of Chine dishes en in restaurants around the world.
But all the other words that were borrowed by foreign languages urs refer to things of China's past, Chen said. This new word "shows that China has more to export to the world than just kungfu and Chine food," he said.
Taikonaut was coined in 1988 when China started to train astronauts. It became well known in 2003 when China nt its first spaceman Yang Liwei to space in the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft.
Two years later, the Shenzhou-6 took off from China's Jiuquan Launch Center for a five-day mission carrying taikonauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.
During the Shenzhou-7 mission, one of the three taikonauts on board will make China's first space walk, in a China-made space suit. That walk will make China the third nation after Russia and the United States to stroll in space.
"China is not only recognized as a nation with a long and fascinating history, but also a leading technological power," Chen said.
Taikonaut was coined in 1988 when China started to train astronauts. It became well known in 2003 when China nt its first spaceman Yang Liwei to space in the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft.
Two years later, the Shenzhou-6 took off from China's Jiuquan Launch Center for a five-day mission carrying taikonauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.
During the Shenzhou-7 mission, one of the three taikonauts on board will make China's
first space walk, in a China-made space suit. That walk will make China the third nation after Russia and the United States to stroll in space.
"China is not only recognized as a nation with a long and fascinating history, but also a leading technological power," Chen said.
二. 新闻英语的范畴
指英文报刊上常见的各类文章，体裁多样，有新闻报道、新闻特写、广告、公报、文艺作品、述评、访谈、学术介绍和争鸣……题材广泛，内容包罗万象。
“由于这类文本体裁多样，涉及面广，所以没有统一的新闻文体模式。如消息类和通讯类的新闻体文本就有明显区别。后者主要采用散文体形式，翻译时可运用跟散文翻译相类似的方法；而前者则要求具有 ‘快速’、‘新颖’、‘简洁’和‘详实’等特点。”
（朱徽 p182）
三.新闻价值(News value)
美国著名报人Joph Pulitzer 要求记者采访“与众不同的、有特色的、戏剧性的、浪漫的、动人心魄的、独一无二的、奇妙的、幽默的、别出心裁的”新闻，认为符合上述要求的，就是有价值的新闻。
新闻价值作为选择报道事实的标准，包括下列因素：
1）时新性(freshness/timeliness)
2）重要性 (importance/significance)
3）接近性(nearness/locality)
4）显著性(prominence)
5）趣闻性(interest)
四.新闻的分类
1）按事实发生的状态分突发性新闻、持续性新闻、周期性新闻
2）按事实发生与报道的时间差距分事件性新闻和非事件性新闻
3）按新闻发生的地区与影响范围分国际性新闻、全国性新闻、地方性新闻
4）按新闻事实的材料组合分典型新闻、综合新闻、系列新闻
5）按传播渠道和信息载体分文字新闻、图片新闻、电声新闻、音像新闻
6）按反映社会生活内容分政治新闻、经济新闻、法律新闻、军事新闻、科技新闻、文娱新闻、 体育新闻、社会新闻
主要文体类型
消息报道 News reporting
特写 Features
春夏秋冬四季古诗社论 Editorial
广告Advertiments
新闻报导的结构类型
倒金字塔结构 (Inverted Pyramid)
把最重要的内容放在新闻的最前面。随后按重要性递减依次排列其他内容。它的优点是能迅速地把最新鲜、最重要的事实，开门见山地告诉读者，使读者一目了然，节省读报时间。把新闻五要素（即5W）放在第一段
消息的五个部分
标题 headline灾备中心
导语 lead
主体 body
背景 background
复试流程
结语 conclusion
五.新闻标题汉译英围棋术语三连C-E Translation of News Headlines
温家宝总理将出访亚洲四国并出席亚太经济组织会议
Premier Plans Asia Trip
为中国的改革开放事业做出贡献，数十位外国专家获得友谊奖
情人玫瑰Foreign Experts Awarded Medals
为方便台湾记者来祖国大陆采访，国务院台办颁布新规定
Journalists from Taiwan to Benefit from New Rules
美国航天史上最大悲剧 “挑战者”号航天飞机空中爆炸
Challenger Explosion Brings Grief Worldwide
(一)、英文标题的词汇特点
(Lexical Features)
广泛使用名词(Nouns)
广泛使用简短小词(Midget Words)
使用缩略语(Abbreviations)
The U of Nouns
Divorce New York Style (NYT) 纽约式离婚
Cabinet papers leak inquiry (Guardian) 内阁文件泄密事件调查工作
随波逐流反义词Corruption Reports Against Police Ri (NYT) 指控警方受贿呼声四起
The rod comes back (Newsweek庄严承诺) （英国小学中体罚之风又起
GOP Shakedown Crui (Newsweek) 共和党的（竞选）试航（揭开序幕）(Grand Old Party: the Republican Party in US)
