Unit 2 Working the land
Learning about Language
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
【语法感知】
①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.简洁性
③Yuan Longping arched for a way to increa rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
④However, he doesn’t care about being famous.
⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
⑥Spending money on himlf or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice 宅女的世外桃源that could feed more people.
观察上面句子,思考黑体部分所作的成分:
以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦;作动词宾语的是⑤;作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。
【语法精讲】
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式。
动词-ing形式的时态和语态:
语态 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般式 | doing | being done |
完成式 | having done | having been done |
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动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语
动词-ing形式作主语时,多表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词多用单数形式。
*Using cocaine increas the ur’s heart rate and blood pressure.使用可卡因会加快使用者的心率并使血压升高。
*Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费一个人的时间无异于谋财害命。
【名师点津】
意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时,谓语动词需用复数形式。
*Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn E
nglish.
听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语
*It is no u talking勾股定理逆定理 to him—he won’t listen.
跟他谈没有用,他不会听的。
*It is a waste of time 名牌内裤talking about such uless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
【知识延伸】
(1)It is+adj.+doing sth.
It is/feels funny doing sth. 做某事(感觉)很有趣
It is uless doing sth. 做某事无用
It is worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是值得的
(2)It is a waste of+n.+doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间
(3)It is no+ n. +doing sth.
It is no good/no u/no fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
【即学活用】 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)(2019·天津高考)Learning (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
(2)It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.
(3)It is worthwhile reading (read) such a wonderful novel.
(4)It’s no u complaining (complain) without taking action.
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advi/suggest, finish, practi)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny,envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excu)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
*He suggested going 古诗插图to visit our grandparents.
他建议去看望我们的(外)祖父母。
*She doesn’t mind being laughed at.
她不介意被人嘲笑。
*I highly recommend visiting this exhibition. I am sure you will learn a lot about Chine culture and art. Come on! The exhibition is well worth eing.
我强烈推荐你们参观这个展览会。我相信你们会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。来吧!这个展览很值得一看。
2.作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有:insist on,object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, , get/be ud to, pay attention to, be worth等。
*You should give up playing computer games.
你应该放弃玩电脑游戏。
3.在有些动词的后面,如:start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
*If you continue doing/to do what you are doing, you are in deep trouble.
如果你继续像现在这样做,你的麻烦就大了。
4.在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作,用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
*He likes swimming but he doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
他喜欢游泳,但是今天下午他不想游泳。
5.有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可,但含义不同。常见的有:
动词 | 宾语的形式 | 意义 |
forget | to do | 忘记去做…… |
doing | 忘记做过…… |
remember | to do | 记着要去做…… |
doing | 记得做过…… |
regret | to do | 遗憾/抱歉要做…… |
doing | 后悔做了…… |
try | to do | 尽力做…… |
doing | 尝试做…… |
mean | to do | 打算做…… |
cad闪退doing | 意味着…… |
go on 领导班子建设 | to do | 接着做(另外一件事) |
doing | 接着做(同一件事) |
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*Don’t forget to say“Thank you” when someone has helped you.
>怎么写总结
