第十三讲:四分法与二分法彻底解决英语时态痛点

更新时间:2023-06-06 03:09:21 阅读: 评论:0

第十三讲:四分法与二分法彻底解决英语时态痛点
一.解题思路:初中生手抄报
英语动词有谓语(限定)动词与非谓语(非限定)动词之分,谓语动词在句子中做谓语,非谓语动词在句子中做除谓语外的其它成分。谓语动词在解题时要全面考虑三个方面的问题即:时态,语态和主谓一致。时态是重难点,时态指的是一定的时间里动作所处的状态,在解题时我们可以用时态的二分法和四分法去分析时间状语,若句子中没有时间状语,我们可以通过语境的分,去推知动作所发生的时间。在确定谓语动词时态时还要注意说话人的意图及动词的性质。
二.时态的四分法与二分法
时态四分法是把时间分为:过去,现在,将来及过去将来四种,把动作状态分为:一般态,进行态,完成态及完成进行态四种。根据时态的定义,四分法分出了英语中的十六种时态。以ask为例,将英语中十六种时态的构成形式列表如下:
时态二分法是把时间分为相对(相对于动作)具体时间与非具体时间两种,把动作状态分为朦胧的胧组词
一般态与具体态两种,具体态包括进行态,完成态及完成进行态。二分法时间与状态的对应关系是:具体时间对应的是具体态,非具体时间对应的是一般态,时态的四分法与二分法的对应关系如下表:驾校体检
三.将来时的多种表达方式及区别:
四.如何运用四分法与二分法解题
1. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,只能根据语境来推理,按时间的四分法应该是过去,但不知道是过去什么时间,因此按二分法为非具体时间。但本题的关键所在是,说话的人用了反问句,“你不是预言有很多人报名参加舞蹈比赛吗?”言外之意是现在没有几个人报名,因此本题的时态要用现在完成时,固选C为正确答案。注意:我们用四分法与二分法去分析时间,当得出的时间为过去不具体时,往往有两种可能,一是用一般过过去时,二是用现在完成时,关键是要看说话人的意图。
2. ---Tommy is planning to buy a car.
---I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a ud one.
A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved
答案解析:本题为有时间状语,By next month, 按时间的四分法分,是将来,按二分法是具体时间(段时间为具体时间,且符合具体态中的完成态),固选D,将来完成时。
3. In the last few years thousands of films _____ all over the word.
A. have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
答案解析:本题有时间状语,In the last few year,在过去几年里,意思是从几年前到现在,这一段时间,因此要用完成态,本题还要考虑语态问题,固选B,现在完成时的被动语态。
4. On the next birthday, Ann _____married for twenty years.
A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been
答案解析:本题有两个时间状语,On the next birthday与for twenty years ,在Ann的下一个生日,按四分法为将来,for twenty years为段时间,因此本题要用将来完成时,固选D。
5. If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,根据语境“你要的饮料”,得知为四分法的过去,过去什么时间要的呢,没有具体说明,因此按二分法为不具体,本题也没有强调对现在的影响,固选A一般过去时。
怎样做豆豉6. Tom _____in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working
答案解析:本题有时间状语,every night over the last three months,过去三个月里每晚,
意为从三个月前到现在这一段时间里,按二分法段时间为具体时间,应用完成态,注意,当时间状语为段时间,且动词可以持续,中间没有间断时,我们在用现在完成进行时,固选C。
7, —Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he _____ ?
A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,根据语境推知,按四分法为过去,过去什么时间离开的,说话人是不知道的所以才问,因此按二分法为不具体,同时也没有强调结果或影响,固选B一般过去时。
8. In 1492, Columbus _______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.
A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed
答案解析:本题有时间状语In 1492,1492年这个时间相对于登陆这一动作为,过去不具体,同时也没有强调结果或影响,固选B一般过去时。ccaa
9. It is most instructive lecture that I _______ since I came to this school.
A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended
答案解析:本题有时间状语since I came to this school,意为自从我到这个学校到现在,为段时间,固用现在完成时选D。
10. --Look! Somebody _____the sofa. --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleaned
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,按四分法与二分法,根据语境推知为,清扫这一动作发生的时间为过去不具体时间,但本题强调的是沙发现在(干净)的状况,固用现在完成时,选C。
11. -Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,根据语境推知时间为过去不具体,也也没有强调结果或影响,固用一般过去时间,选B
12. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _____to Shanghai.
A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown婚纱照素材
答案解析:本题有时间状语,At this time tomorrow morning, 按四分法为将,明天的这个时候为具体时间,应用进行时,固选A将来进行时。
13. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.
只要我长大A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting
雷吉欧斯答案解析:本题有时间状语,By the time you have finished this book,意思是现在还没有读完这本书,所以按四分法为将来,将来什么时候读完还不清楚,因此按二分法是不具体的,固用一般将来时,选C。
14. The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until three la
ter.
A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,根据四分法与二分法,时间为过去不具体时间,本题还要考虑被动语态,固选A。
15. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving
答案解析:本题没有时间状语,根据题意经理关心两个值得信赖的员工,说明经理不想这两个员工离开,两个员工只是打算离开,因此,按四分法时间为过去将来,选D过去进行时可表过去有计划的将来。
五.时态考考你(用所给单词的适当形式填空)
1. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet_____________ (make )into at least ten different films over the past years.
2. Hurry up! Mark and Carl _____________ (expect)us.
3. --- So what is the procedure?--- All the applicants _____________ (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.

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