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2019年物理中考真题-辛已年


2023年2月4日发(作者:规范交谊舞华尔兹)

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Unit7TheSea

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

A

Earlyinrtofind

whoeventuallyfoundthewayfromtheAtlantic

OceantothePacificwasFerdinandMagellan.

Menmonthslater,

afterspendingaverewinteronthecoastofPatagonia,hediscoveredthechannelwhichisnow

mber1520,aftermanymonthsofdangersfromrocksandstorms,

duringwhichtwoshipswerelost,thethreeremainingshipnteredtheoceanontheothersideof

SouthAmerica.

Theythencontinued,ydidnoteanylanduntiltheyreachedtheislands

theyarrivedattheislands,laterknownasthePhilippines,hismenwere

heywerestayinginthePhilippines,

remainingofficersthenhadtogetbacktoSpain.

anydifficulties,oneshipwitheighteenmensailedintoSeville

reallthatremainedofMagellan’r,their

rethefirstmentosailroundtheworld.

1.ThepurpoofMagellan’xpeditionwas.

A.tosailroundtheworld

B.tofindaaroutetoIndia

C.tomakeavoyagetoAsia

D.tocarrymentoPhilippines

答案 C

解析 根据第一段的内容,我们可以知道,欧洲人试图向西航行,经大西洋到太平洋,然后到达亚洲,

从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。

2.ThetimeMagellanStraitwasdiscoveredwas.

A.inAugust1519B.inOctober1520

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C.inNovember1520D.notmentioned

答案 B

解析 根据第二段前两句内容可知,麦哲伦是在1520年10月发现MagellanStrait“麦哲伦海峡”的。

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageconcerningtheexpedition?

A.Lackofnavigationequipment.

B.SeverewinterinPatagonia.

C.ThedeathofMagellan.

D.Dangersfromrocksandstorms.

答案 A

解析 通读全文我们可以发现,全文没有提及navigationequipment“航海设备”方面的问题。故选A项。

4.Thebesttitleofthispassageis.

A.Magellan’sExpedition

B.TheDiscoveryofthePhilippines

C.TheMostDangerousExpeditioninNavigation

D.TheFirstExpeditiontoAsia

答案 D

解析 综合全文的内容,我们可以看出本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从海上寻找水路去亚洲

的探险之旅。故D项为最佳选项。

B

WorldOceansDay(WOD)isourplanet’ceansDay2012was

agreatdayforoceanconrvation(保护).Thisyear’sthemeis“Youth:theNextWaveforChange”.

TherehasbeenanincreasingamountofinterestincelebratingWorldOceansDayamongzoos,

aquariums,hadabigincreaineventsontheground,about600

eventsintotal(upfrom400in2011).

Theeventswereheldin55countriesand42USstates,180ofwhichwereheldinzoos,aquariums,

the600eventsaroundtheworld,fromReefCheckinBalito

MarinoBallenaNationalParkinCostaRica,involvedyoungpeopletakingdirectactionbycleaning

fornia,volunteerscalledon8,

Angeles,morethan5,000kids,teachersandvolunteersformedahugekid­designedsharkandwords

“DefendtheSea”.InMalaysia,about25companiesand50studentsfromprimaryschoolstookpartin

activitiessuchasbeachclean­ups,anartcontest,

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Bangladesh,“runfortheOcean”wasaworld­classrunningeventonCox’sBazar,oneofthemost

beautifulrunningcoursinBangladesh.

Eacheventfocudonyoungpeopleandgavethemrealsuggestionsforhowtheycouldtakeactionto

tiontodirectactionevents,manyorganizationsheldeventsinuniversities,

repeopleandtheoceancametogether,WorldOceans

Daywascelebrated.

Thearejustsomeexamplesofthe600eventsthatwereheldin2012tocelebrateoursharedworld

’rethrilledwithhowthingswentthisyearandwe’realreadygettingexcitedfor2013.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theplanet’sbiggestcelebrationoftheocean.

B.Governmentsupportforyoungpeople.

C.Anewtypeofhuman­oceanrelationship.

D.Aspecialeducationalprogram.

答案 A

解析 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,本文主要介绍的是世界海洋日,这个全球最大的海洋庆典的情况。

6.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A.180ofcelebratingeventswereheldinschoolallovertheworld.

B.8,000volunteersprotectedtheoceanbycleaningbeachesinCalifornia.

C.Ahugekid­designedsharkwasformedbyteachersandvolunteersinMalaysia.

D.Aworldclassrunningevent“runfortheOcean”washeldinBangladesh.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、三、四句可知A、B、C三项错。根据第三段最后一句可知,一场

名为“runfortheOcean”的赛跑活动在孟加拉举行。故选D项。

7.Accordingtothepassagewhatdothecelebratingeventshaveincommon?

A.Thatvisitorscanenjoybeautifulbeaches.

B.ThattheweatherofWorldOceansDayisusuallycold.

C.Thatalleventncouragedtheyouthtoprotecttheocean.

D.Thatallofthecountrieswhichheldeventshavealonghistory.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Eacheventfocudonyoungpeopleandgavethemreal

suggestionsforhowtheycouldtakeactiontoprotecttheocean.”可知,每个活动项目都致力于鼓励年轻

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人保护海洋。

8.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecelebrationofWorldOceansDay2012wouldbe.

A.negativeB.uncertain

C.positiveD.annoyed

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We’rethrilledwithhowthingswentthisyearandwe’realreadygetting

excitedfor2013.”可知,作者对2012年世界海洋日的庆祝活动持肯定态度。

C

Welcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear(鞋类)intheworldthatwillmakeyougreenwith

theFootwearMuum,youcaneexhibits(展品)findout

aboutshoeswornbyeveryonefromtheAncientEgyptianstopopstars.

Room1,Thecelebrity名人footwearctionisprobablythemostpopularintheentire

dinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefrom

queensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!Mostvisitorsfindthecelebrities’choiceoffootwear

extremelyinteresting.

Room2,Mostofourvisitorsareamazed—andshocked—bythecollectionof“specialpurpo”shoeson

mple,thereareChineshoesmadeofsilkthat

werewornbywomentotietheirfeetfirmlytopreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch!

Room3,Aswellasshoesandbootsthemuumalsoexhibitsshoe­ietyis

mple,thereisametallampthatremblesapairofshoes,andGreekwine

bottlesthatlooklikelegs!

TheFootwearLibrary,Peoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyinourexcellentfootwear

ersandrearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelated

tothesubjectoffootwear.

9.Wherewouldyoufindafamoussinger’sshoes?

A.Room1.

B.Room2.

C.Room3.

D.TheFootwearLibrary.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。文章第二部分由四则信息组成,分别介绍三个展室的展品和鞋类图书馆。Room1属

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于名人鞋类展室,afamoussinger属于acelebrity,故选A项。第一个方框中的“belongingtoeveryone

fromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors”也是解题信息。

10.Allexhibitsineachroom.

A.sharethesametheme

B.havethesameshape

C.aremadeofthesamematerial

D.belongtothesamesocialclass

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。前三个方框内的信息分别介绍三个不同的展室,这三个展室分别是:名人鞋类展

区、特殊用途鞋类展区、造型像鞋的物品展区。显然,这三个展室都围绕同一主题,故选A项。

11.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.TheoldestexhibitsinRoom1weremadeinthe1950s.

B.Room2isthemostvisitedplaceinthemuum.

C.Room3hasarichervarietyofexhibitsthantheothertwo.

D.RearcherscometotheFootwearLibraryfordata.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。由第一个方框中的“Startedinthe1950s”,知A项错;由第一个方框中的第一句话

知Room1应该是整个博物馆游客最多的地方,故B项错;第三展室展出的是造型像鞋的物品,其中的

物品丰富,但并未说明此展室比其他两个展室的展品更丰富,C项无依据。根据第四个方框中的

“Designersandrearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelatedtothe

subjectoffootwear.”可知,设计师们和研究者们来此是为了查阅信息资料,D项正确。

12.Thepurpoofthetextistogetmorepeopleto.

A.dorearchB.designshoes

C.visitthemuumD.followcelebrities

答案 C

解析 写作目的题。根据文中的Welcometo...Mostvisitors...Mostofourvisitors...可知,作者是在推荐该

鞋类博物馆,希望更多的人去参观。故选C项。A、B两项只局限于参观TheFootwearLibrary的游客,

D项锁定的只是参观Room1的游客,且展出名人鞋类的目的并非就是为了刺激游客追逐名人。

D

AnewlydiscoveredancientChinemapmayprovethatitwasaChinenavigator(航海家)whofirst

avemadethediscoveryventyyearsbeforeColumbusdiscoveredthe

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NewWorld.

Themap,whichhasgoneondisplayinBeijing,issaidtobeacopymadein1763ofamucholdermap

rlydescribesAfrica,’sproventobe

believable,themapwouldprovidestrongevidencetosuggestthatthefamousMingDynastysailor,

ZhengHe,beatChristopherColumbus,whoarrivedinAmericain1492,tothediscoveryoftheNew

World.

LiuGang,aChinelawyerandmapcollector,boughtthemapinanantique(古董的)storein

Shanghaiin2001forabout500U.gthinksthemapsupportsthethesisofBritish

author,GavinMenzies,whoinhis2003bookarguedZhengHewasthefirstpersontocircumnavigate

(环航)theglobeanddiscoverAmericasometimebetween1421and1423.“Inprinciple,theBritish

Columbus,

detail,notexactly...’tthinkthat’sabigdeal,”Liusaid.

ZhengHecommandedagroupofships,whichsailedbetween1405and1433attheorderofthe

emperorduringChina’wastospreadthegloryofChinatotheworldand

establishtrade.

13.WelearnfromParagraph1that.

A.thewriterwasproudofanancientmap

B.boththeChinenavigatorandColumbuswereheroes

C.theancientmapmadebyaChinenavigatorwasjustfound

D.theChinenavigatormaybethefirstmanwhodiscoveredAmerica

答案 D

解析 根据第一段第一句可知D项正确。

14.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribestheancientmap?

A.TheancientmapondisplayinBeijingissaidtobemadein1418.

B.Theancientmap,whichissaidtobemadein1763,isondisplayinBeijing.

C.TheancientmapwasboughtbyLiuGang,aChinenavigatorin2001.

D.TheancientmapwasintroducedtobelistedinGavin’sbookbyLiuGangtosupporthisidea.

答案 B

解析 根据第二段第一句可以判断:现在在北京的展品是1763年复制古时(1418年)的仿制品。

15.WhatdoestheBritishauthorinhisbooktrytoargueinthepassage?

A.ThefirstpersonwhodiscoveredAmericamaybeZhengHe.

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B.Thefirstpersontocircumnavigatetheglobeisnotworthdiscussing.

C.TheyearwhenZhengHediscoveredAmericamaybebetween1421and1423.

D.TheyearwhenChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericawasaheadof1423.

答案 A

解析 根据第三段第二句中的“...GavinMenzies,whoinhis2003bookarguedZhengHewasthefirst

persontocircumnavigate(环航)theglobeanddiscoverAmericasometimebetween1421and1423.”可

判断A项正确。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Aroundtheworldyoungpeoplearespendingunbelievablesumsofmoneyinlisteningtorockmusic.

16“Itdoesn’tmaken,”saysJohnnyMathis,oneoftheoldestmusicmillionaires,whomadea

milliondollarsayearwhenhewasthemostpopular,inthe1950s.“Performersaren’tworththiskindof

,nobodyis.”Buttherockstars’holoverockmusic

y150milliontoerockstarsinperson.

17Accordingtoonetheory,rockmusichasaspecialattractionbecaunorealtrainingisneeded

oyandgirlintheaudience

thinks,“Icouldsinglikethat.”Youngpeoplearegladtopaytoadmirearockstarbecauitisawayof

admiringthemlves.

Luckisakeywordforexplainingthesuccessofmany.18Then,too,likemostperformers,

McLeanwriteshisownmusic,soheearnsanadditionaltwocentsoneverysinglerecordofthesong.

19Aroundtheworldyounglistenerssoonwanttoethestarinmovies,ontelevision,andin

ung,whoperformsintornbluejeans,sometimessingstoanaudienceof10,000,each

ayingexpens,Youngleaveswithabout

$18,000inhisbluejeansattheendofanevening.

Howdotherockstarsutheirmoney?Whatdotheydowhenthemoneystartspouringinlikewater?

20England’sEltonJohngavesomeonea$38,000RollsRoyceautomobileandboughthimlfa

$5,boughthimlftwocars,“oneforeachfoot”.

However,thhismemoriesandhistax

problems,thelonelyex­rs

havearrivedtotakehisplace.

A.Recordsprovideonlypartofastar’sincome.

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B.Mostoftheyoungstarssimplythrowthemoneyaround.

C.OneoftheluckiestwasDonMcLean,whowroteandsang“AmericanPie”.

D.Someobrversthinkthecustomersarebuyingmorethanmusic.

E.ForbesMagazineclaimsthatatleastfiftyrockstarshaveincomesofbetweentwomillionandsix

milliondollarsperyear.

F.Whentheyneedmoneyagain,theydoanothertour.

G.Astarcanearnmuchmoneybyrecord­lling.

答案 16.E 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B

第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Ihavetwofriendswhowereinfinancial(财政的)difficultyandneededmyhelp.

edsomemoneyfor

schoolandother21,andhecametome.22Ididn’thavemuch,Igavehimwhatheneeded

n,24toborrowsomemore

money,sayinghe’25,Istillgavehimtheamountof

moneyheneeded.

Oneeveningafewmonthslater,Iwasfeeling26andmyheartwasfilledwithjoy.I27doing

ught,“Whynotmakemyfriend’slife28?”I

knewhewas29troubledbythedebt(债务).31!

Hecouldn’ohappyandlater32meamessagefillingwithgratitude(感激).

Ihaveanotherclofriendwhocan’tpaythe33,andhishostess34tothrowhisthingsout

lledmeandtoldmehis

gmyfriendneededthemoneymorethanI36,Igaveallmymoneytohimand

askedhimnottopayback.37totears,hehuggedmeanddidn’tsayanythingforveralminutes.

Inmylife,enwedon’t39thepowerofa

helpinghand,anhonestcompliment,orthesmallestactofcaring,allofwhichhavethe40to

turnalifearound.

21.mancesB.achievements

C.goodsD.purpos

答案 D

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解析 根据上文的“Heneededsomemoneyforschool...”可推知,此处说的是作者的朋友向作者借钱的目

的。

22..Though

C.BecauD.When

答案 B

解析 尽管作者的钱不多,但还是尽其所能地借了钱给他,此为让步关系。

23.entB.consideration

C.chanceD.fact

答案 A

解析 根据“...hewouldpayback.”可知,在朋友答应还钱的前提下作者将钱借给了他。

24.dB.asked

C.udD.offered

答案 B

解析 根据“...sayinghe’dpayallofitbackoncehefoundajob.”可推断他再次向作者借钱。

25..question

C.kindnessD.control

答案 C

解析 根据上文内容以及下文的“Istillgavehimtheamountofmoneyheneeded.”可知,作者的这位朋友

曾经向他借过一次钱,还没有还,又借了第二次,作者是出于好心,再次借钱给他。

26.asdB.sad

C.happyD.upt

答案 C

解析 根据下文的“...myheartwasfilledwithjoy.”可知答案为C项。

27.keB.dreamedof

C.gaveupD.kepton

答案 A

解析 根据下文作者给朋友打电话告诉他不用还钱了可知,作者打算做可以让别人高兴的事。feellike

doingsth.想要做某事,符合语境。

28..easier

C.morecomfortableD.morestressful

答案 B

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解析 根据下文的“...Itoldhimnottopayback.”可知,告诉朋友不用还钱,能够使朋友的生活轻松一点,

由此可知答案为B项。

29.B.rarely

C.willinglyD.simply

答案 A

解析 根据上文可知,作者的朋友被债务深深地困扰着。

30..But

C.OrD.Also

答案 A

解析 联系上下文可知,朋友被债务所累,为了让他的生活轻松一点儿,作者就告诉朋友不用还钱了。

so因此,所以,符合语境。

31.dB.shocked

C.calmD.amud

答案 B

解析 根据“Hecouldn’tbelieveit.”可推断朋友内心的惊喜。

32..showed

C.ntD.returned

答案 C

解析 他很高兴,后来发了一条充满感激之情的短信给作者。

33.sB.bills

C.costsD.rents

答案 D

解析 根据下文的“...tothrowhisthingsoutfromthehou.”可知,作者的另一个朋友因为没有钱交房

租,女房东威胁他要把他的东西扔出去。

34..forgot

C.decidedD.threatened

答案 D

解析 参见上题解析。

35.mentedB.comforted

C.criticizedD.supported

答案 D

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解析 以前资助朋友的叔叔现在生意失败,没有能力帮助他了。

36..made

C.ownedD.imagined

答案 A

解析 根据“...toldmehisdifficulty...Igaveallmymoneytohimandaskedhimnottopayback.”可知,朋

友向作者讲述了自己的困境,作者意识到朋友比自己更需要钱,所以把所有的钱都借给了他。

37.edB.Surprid

C.MovedD.Frightened

答案 C

解析 根据下文的“...hehuggedmeanddidn’tsayanythingforveralminutes.”可推知,作者的朋友被

感动了。

38..smallC.longD.single

答案 B

解析 作者认为这是个很小但却有影响力的举动。

39.B.enjoy

C.realizeD.remember

答案 C

解析 通常我们没有意识到伸出援助之手、一句真诚的表扬、或者是最小的关心的巨大作用。

40..timeC.feelingD.power

答案 D

解析 根据上文的“butpowerfulactions”以及“thepowerof”的暗示可知答案。

第Ⅱ卷

第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Jane:homeworkthough.

Tom:Areyousayingwedon’hourfavoriteshowtonight?Jane,youknowI

reallydon’izes(criticize)me

e.

Jane:Totellthetruth,Idon’’(bore)andnotvery

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y(happy)too.

Tom:Yes,andhealso...

Jane:imlikethisbehindhisback?

Tom:an’t

saysomethingniceyoushouldn’tsayanythingatall.

Jane:tely(absolute)’ldfinishourhomeworknow.

Tom:otakeashowerfirst,I’mexhausted.

第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错

误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Mikeisawarm­day

evening,hisfriendJimtelephonedhimandaskedhimhelppreparefordinner,forJim’sparentswould

gthenews,Miketurnedoffthelight,lockingthedoor

andleftforJim’iedtoJim’shome,onlyfindthereweremanyofhisfriendthere.“Happy

birthday!”dandhappily,erymoment,

Jimcameandpattedhiminontheshoulder,saying,“Mike,youaresuchakindmanbecauweall

wouldliketogiveyouabigsurpri.”

答案

Mikeisawarm­day

readily

ready

turn

turns

evening,hisfriendJimtelephonedhimandaskedhimhelppreparefordinner,forJim’sparents

to

gthenews,Miketurnedoffthelight,

theother

another

locking

locked

thedoorandleftforJim’iedtoJim’shome,onlyfindthereweremanyofhis

to

friend

friends

there.“Happybirthday!”dand,

happily

happy

verymoment,Jimcameandpattedhiminontheshoulder,saying,“Mike,youaresuchakind

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manweallwouldliketogiveyouabigsurpri.”

becau

that

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

昨天下午你到人民公园游玩,刚好看到一个感人的救人场面。请根据下面所拍下的几张照片,用英语写

一篇报道,寄给《英语周报》。

注意:1.词数100左右;

2.开头部分已为你写好,不计入总词数;

3.最后一张照片底片曝光,请自行补充合理的情节,使报道完整。

YesterdayafternoonIwenttothePeople’time

参考范文

YesterdayafternoonIwenttothePeople’time

retaking

strugglingandherparentscried

out,“Help!Help!”Itwasobviousthattheycouldn’arbyayoungmanimmediately

ttakingoffhisclothes,hejumpedintothewaterandquicklyswamtowards

thegirl,saved!

Howhappytheparentswere!Beforetheythoughtofthankingtheyoungman,hehad

disappeared.

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