关于颐和园的资料

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SummerPalace,locatedinthenorthwestBeijingHaidianDistrict,15kmfrom

nganareaofabout290hectares,theexistingSummer

PalaceisChina'slargest,mostcompleteprervationoftheimperialgarden,

theSummerPalace,thepalacewasoriginallyQingDynastyemperorsand

Garden

颐和园位于北京西北郊海淀区，距北京城区15千米。占地约290公顷，颐和园是我国现存

规模最大，保存最完整的皇家园林，颐和园原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园.

SituatedinthewesternoutskirtsofHaidianDistrict,theSummerPalaceis15kilometers(9.3miles)thelargestroyal

parkandbeingwellprerved,itwasdesignated,in1960bytheStateCouncil,ning

examplesoftheancientarts,merPalaceisthearchetypalChinegarden,

1998,itwaslistedasoneoftheWorldHeritageSitesbyUNESCO.

ConstructedintheJinDynasty(1115-1234),duringthesucceedingreignoffeudalemperors;imeofthe

QingDynasty(1644-1911),ithadbecomealuxallycalled"Qingyi

Garden"(GardenofClearRipples),itwasknowasoneofthefamous"threehillsandfivegardens"(LongevityHill,JadeSpringMountain,and

FragrantHill;GardenofClearRipples,GardenofEverlastingSpring,GardenofPerfectionandBrightness,GardenofTranquilityandBrightness,

andGardenofTranquilityandPleasure).LikemostofthegardensofBeijing,itcouldnoteludetherampagesoftheAnglo-Frenchalliedforceand

1888,EmpressDowagerCixiembezzlednavyfundstoreconstructitforherownbenefit,changingitsnametoSummer

Palace(Yiheyuan).Shespentmostofherlateryearsthere,1900,itsufferedagain,beingransackedby

hesuccessofthe1911Revolution,itwasopenedtothepublic.

CompodmainlyofLongevityHillandKunmingLake,TheSummerPalaceoccupiesanareaof294hectares(726.5acres),threequartersof

bynature,artistsdesignedthegardenxquisitelysothatvisitorswouldemarvelousviewsandbeamazedbyperfect

examplesofrefinedcraftworkusingthefinestmaterials.

CenteredontheTowerofBuddhistIncen(Foxiangge)theSummerPalaceconsistsofover3,000structuresincludingpavilions,towers,

bridges,merPalacecanbedividedintofourparts:thecourtarea,front-hillarea,front-lakearea,andrear-hillandback-lake

area.

Front-HillArea:thisareaisoutisquitedistinctivebecau

ofthecentralaxisfromtheyardofKunmingLaketothehilltop,onwhichimportantbuildingsarepositionedincludingGateofDispellingClouds,

HallofDispellingClouds,HallofMoralGlory,TowerofBuddhistIncen,theHalloftheSeaofWisdom,etc.

Rear-HillandBack-LakeArea:althoughtheconstructionsarefewerhere,ithasauniquelandscape,withdengreentrees,andwindingpaths.

Visitorscanfeelararetranquility,eaincludesscenicspotssuchasGardenofHarmoniousInterestandSuzhouMarketStreet.

CourtArea:thisiswhereEmpressDowagerCixiandEmperorGuangxumetofficials,ngtheEast

PalaceGate,visitorsmayethemainpalacebuildings:theHallofBenevolenceandLongevityrvedastheofficeoftheEmperor,theHallof

JadeRippleswhereGuangxulived,theHallofJoyfulLongevity,Cixi‘sresidence,theHallofVirtueandHarmonywhereCixiwantertained.

FrontLakeArea:coveringalargerpartoftheSummerPalace,efluttering,wavesgleamandwillows

comfortableareatherearetheEasternandWesternBanks,theSeventeen-ArchBridge,NanhuIsland,and

esternbankfloatsixdistinctbridgesamongstwhichtheJade-BeltBridgeisthemostbeautiful.

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颐和园

颐和园是我国现存最完好、规模最宏大的古代园林。位于北京市海淀区境内，距天安门20余公里，占地290公顷。

颐和园原为封建帝王的行宫和花园，远在金贞元元年（1153年）即在这里修建“西山八院”之一的“金山行宫”。明弘治七年（1494

年）修建了园静寺，后皇室在此建成好山园。1664年清廷定都北京后，又将好山园更名为“瓮山行宫”。清乾隆年间，经过15年的修建工

程，将该园改名为“清漪圆”。此时的清漪园，北自文昌阁至西宫门筑有围墙，东、南、西三面以昆明湖水为屏障，园内修建了许多亭台

楼阁，桥廊斋榭，山清水秀，富丽堂皇。咸丰十年（1860年），英法联军疯狂抢劫并焚烧了园内大部分建筑，除宝云阁（俗称“铜亭”）

智慧海、多宝琉璃塔幸存外，珍宝被洗劫一空，建筑夷为一片废墟。光绪十四年（1888年）慈待太后挪用海军经费3000万两白银，在

清漪园的废墟上兴建起颐和园。光绪二十六年（1900年）颐和园又遭八国联军的野蛮破坏，后慈禧又动用巨款重新修复。数百年来，这

里一直是封建帝王、皇室的享乐之地，解放辟为公园。1961年国务院公布颐和园为全国重点文物保护单位。

颐和园包括万寿山、昆明湖两大部分，园内山水秀美，建筑宏伟。全园有各式建筑3000余间，园内布局可分为政治、生活、游览三

个区域。政治活动区，以仁寿段为中心，是过去慈禧太后和光绪皇帝办理朝事、会见朝臣、使节的地方。生活居住区，以玉澜堂、宜芸

馆、乐寿堂为主体，是慈禧、光绪及后妃居住之地。风景游览区，以万寿山前山、后山、后湖、昆明湖为主，是全园的主要组成部分。

在世界古典园林中享有盛誉的颐和园，布局和谐，浑然一体。在高60米的万寿山前山的中央，纵向自低而高排列着排云门、排云

股、德辉殿、佛香阁、智慧海等一组建筑，依山而立，步步高升，气派宏伟。以高大的佛香阁为主体，形成了全园的中心线。沿昆明湖

北岸横向而建的长廊，长728米，共273间，像一条彩带横跨于万寿山前，连结着东面前山建筑群。长廊中有精美柁画14000多幅，素

有“画廊”之美称。位于颐和园东北角，万寿山东麓的谐趣园，具有浓重的江南园林特色，被誉为“园中之园”。

占全园总面积四分之三的昆明湖，湖水清澈碧绿，景色宜人。在广阔的湖面上，有三个小岛点缀，其主要景物是西堤、西堤六桥、

东堤、南湖岛、十七孔桥等。湖岸建有廓如亭、知春亭、凤凰墩等秀美建筑，其中位于湖西北岸的清晏舫（石访）中西合璧，精巧华丽，

是园中著名的水上建筑。后山后湖，林茂竹青，景色幽雅，到处是松林曲径，小桥流水，风格与前山迥然不同。山脚下的苏州河，曲折

蜿蜒，时狭时阔，颇具江南特色。在岸边的树丛中建有多宝琉璃塔。后山还有一座仿西藏建筑——香岩宗印之阁，造型奇特。苏州街原

为宫内的民间买卖街，现已修复并向游人开放。拥山抱水，绚丽多姿的颐和园，体现了我国造园艺术的高超水平。

SituatedinwesternoutskirtsofBeijing,ina’sleadingclassicalgardenwhichenjoysawo

merPalacewasopenedayisneededtoviewitindetai

l.

TheSummerPalacewasfirstbuiltisDowagerCiXirebuiltitin1888withalargesu

mofmoneywhichhadbeenappropriatedtobuildaChinenavy.

gLake,withanexquisitebuildinginthemiddle,takesupthreequartersofthega

rden’denconsistsofthreeparts:thepoliticalactivityarea,theempress’slivingquarterandthescenicareawhichparatelycentersontheHallofB

enevolenceandLongevity(1),theHallofJadeRipples(2)andtheHallofHappinessandLongevity(3),andLongevityHill(4)upsofbuildings,h

illsandlakes,togetherwiththebackgroundofWestHills,giveaneverchangingscene.

Thebuildin-DispellingHall,thePavilionoftheBuddhistIncen(5)andtheWisdo

mSea(6)ontheaxislineareflankedbytheWheelHall,ilionoftheBuddhistIncenis41meter

ootofLongevityHsagewayisfamou

sforitspaintingsandatitswesternendisa36-meter-longMarbleBoat(7).

ThebridgesofthewesterncauwayofKunmingLakearerebleSeventeen-

ArchBridgewhichspanstheEasternCauwaytoSouthLakeIslandhasbalusterstoppedby540carvedlionsindifferentpos.

ankisSuzhouStreet,ortheaste

rncornerofthegardenthereistheGardenofHarmoniousInterestwhichimitatesthefamousJichangGarden(8)inWuxi,tiveandelegant,itiskn

ownasagardenwithinagarden..

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Notes:

lofBenevolenceandLongevity仁寿殿

lofJadeRipples玉澜堂

lofHappinessandLongevity乐寿堂

gevityHill万寿山

ilionoftheBuddhistIncen佛香阁

domSea智慧海

bleBoat石舫

gGarden寄畅园