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7月的英文单词读音

July

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十二月份英语小故事

MonthsoftheYear

JANUARY

WhentheclockstrikestwelveonNewYear’sEveand

December

PassintoJanuary,wesayfarewelltotheyearjustgoneand

ttingthatfirstmonthshould

becalledJanuary,fortheRomangodJanuswhogavethismonth

itsnamewasalwaysreprentedwithtwofaces,onethatgazed

r,before

thenameJanuarywasadoptedinEnglish,thismonthwascalled

Wulf-Monath,or“wolf-month”,becauatthistimeoftheyear

thebittercoldbroughtwolvesintothevillagestoforageforfood.

FEBRUARY

ThemiddleofthemonthofFebruarywasmarkedinancient

Romeforareligiousceremonyinwhichwomenwerebeatenfor

scalledthefestivalofLupercaliaandwasheld

thswerelectedtoplaythe

hegoatsweresacrificed,

thongswerecalledfebrua,or“instrumentsofpurification”,and

shouldtheystrikeawomen,

twoyoungmeninquestionwouldrunaroundthecitywiththe

sacredthongsandgivesmartand“curative”slapstoany

nowsjusthowtheyknewwhom

tohitalthoughthebarrennessofawomenwouldprobablybe

rthismaybe,the

magicpowerofthethongscamefromJuno,whoepithetasthe

goddessoffertilitywasFebruaria,andfromthiswordwetook

ryhad29days,buttheRoman

SenatetookoneawayandgaveittoAugust,sothatAugust

’salongstepdownfromallthis

tual

EnglishsimplycalleditSProte-kalemonathbecauthecabbages

weresprouting.

MARCH

BeforethetimeofJuliusCaesar,theRomanNewYearbegan

snotonlythebeginningofthe

yearbutwastheopenspringasonforthewagingofwar,so

themonthwasdedicatedtomars,thegodofwar,andwas

EnglishnamewasHlyd-Monath,thatis,

“boisterous-month”,,bytheway,

theexpression“madasaMarchhare“comesfromthefact

thatMarchisthematingasonforhares,andaresuppodly

fullofwhimsyallmonth.

APRIL

ThiswasthemonthofthefirstflowersinancientItaly,asitis

withus,andtheopeningspringbudsgavethemonthitsname.

TheRomenamewasAprilis,badontheLatinwordaperiowith

means“open”.TheearlyBritons,ontheotherhand,lackedthe

therflat-footedlycalled

AprilEaster-Monath,or“Easter-month”,Ofcour,Aprilbrings

inAprilFool’sDay,andthisrecallsthefestivitiesheldbyall

ancientpeoplesatthevernalequinox,beginningontheirNew

Year’sDay,March25th,otuntil

the18thcenturyinGreatBritainthatAprilFool’sDay,aswe

knowit,oryaboutthisdaytracesthe

traditionbacktothemedievalmiracleplaysthatudto

reprentthendingofChristfromPilatetoHerod.

MAY

Thisiswhen“thetimeofthesingingbirdsiscome,andthe

voiceoftheturtleisheardinourland”.SirThomasMalorycalled

it“thelustymonethofMay”.Itisstrangethattheromantic

timeofMayhasalwaysbeenconsideredunluckyformarriage.

TheRomansobjectedtoitforthequiteunderstandablereason

thatitcontainedthefeastinhonorofBonaDeawhowasthe

efestivaloftheunhappydeadfellin

eMay,inLatin,Maius,isbelievedby

manytohavecomefromMaiawhowasthemotherofthegod

iveEnglishhadalessromanticbutmuchmore

lleditThrimilcebecau,

inthelong,springdays,thecowscouldbemilkedthreetime

betweensunriandevening.

JUNE

ThisnameisprobablyformJunius,thenameofLatinfamily

towhichthemurderersofJulius

holarsbelieve,however,thatthe

nameJunecameformthegoddessJunowhowastheprotectress

ofwomensinceJunehasbeenthefavoritemonthformarriages

ethattheancient

taboosagainstMaymarriagesareresponsibleforourmodern

lishnameforJunewasSere-

“dry-month.”

JULY

ThenameofthismonthwaspropodbyMarkAntony,the

suggestedthatthisbirthdaymonthofCaiusJuliusCasarbe

namedJuliusinhishonor,andthenamecameintoutheyear

ofCaesar’ish,thespellingbecamefirst

Julie,oretheEnglishadoptedtheLatinname,

theyhadcalledthemonthMad-Monath,or“meadow-month,”

sincethemeadowswereinbloomandthecattlewereinpasture.

AUGUST

Octavian,thefirstRomanemperor,wasthenephewofJulius

Caesar,

wanted,amongotherthings,tohaveamonthnamedafterhim.

HisbirthdaywasinSeptember,buthelectedwhatisnow

knownasAugust,forthisparticularmonthhadbeenafortunate

atehadgivenOctaviantheofficialtitle

ofAugustusinhonorofhisdistinguishedrcicestothestate,

sothemonthhehadchonbecameAugistus,whichwehave

syanddownrightEnglishhad

calledthistheWeod-Monath,or“weed-month,”although,in

fairness,theword“weed”yhenappliedtogreeneryingeneral.

SEPTEMBER

InasmushastheRomanyearoriginallystartedin

March,Septemberwastheirventhmonth,andthenameis

takenfromtheLatinwordptemwhichmeant“ven.”When

thecalendarwaschangedandSeptemberbecametheninth

month,magne,whowas

EmperoroftheWestatthebeginningofthe9thcentury,refud

toaccepttheRomannameandcalledSeptemberthe“harvest-

month.”Englandfollowedsuit,andforalongtimeSeptember

vestthenwaslargely

barley,whichthethirstyEnglishpromptlyconvertedintoale.

OCTOBER

Thisistheasonwhenthesmokeofburningleavesisapt

eRomanpoetMartialcalledOctober

“fumosus,”or“smoky,”becauthetimeforlightingfires

allythough,thenameremainedOctoberfrom

theLatinocto,“eight,”forthismonthwastheeighthonthe

angeneral

GermanicusCaesarwantedthemonthnamedafterhim,buthe

lishfirstgavethename

Win-Monath,or“wine-month,”toOctober,andprobablya

littleelderberrywineandsuchwereconcocted,butthereal

preoccupationwasthe“BrownOctoberAle“thatwestillsing

abouttoday.

NOVEMBER

SincetheEmperorAugustushadhismonthandJuliusCaesar

his,thepoliteandpoliticRomansthoughtitonlyproperto

propothatNovemberberenamedfortheEmperorTiberius.

ButTiberiusobjectedandsaidratherwittily,“Whatwillyoudo

ifyouhaveelevenCaesars?”SothenameremainedNovernber,

fromtheLatinnovem,”nine.”TotheforthrightEnglish

NovemberwastheBlot-Monath,or“sacrifice-month”asitwas

thetimewhentheheathenAnglo-Saxons

mestheyalsocalledit

theWind-Monath,forobviousreasons.

DECEMBER

LuciusAeliusAureliusCommodus,EmperorofRometoward

theendofthe2ndcentury,onceaskedhismistresshowshe

wouldliketoehernameonthecalendar.“Amazonius,”was

thenametheemperorhadinmind,sincetheladyhadoncebeen

paintedasanAmazon,buttheSenatewasnotsympatheticand

apparentlytoldhimtogaowatchthegladiatorsandlionsinstead.

SoDecemberwentonbeingcalledbyitsoldnamefromdecem,

“ten,”

commonnameamongtheEnglishforDecemberwasMid-

Winter-Monath,althoughtheChristiansofthedaycalledit

Haligh-Monath,or“Holy-Month,”becauofbirthofChrist.

星期的英语小故事

MONDAY

Inmythology,,themoonwasthewifeofthesun,andso

hadtohaveherdayintheweek,whichinOldEnglishwas

Monandag,or“moonday,”atranslationoftheLatinlunae

dies,”dayofthemoon.”InthesuperstitiousEnglandoftheo

timespeoplebelievedthatthephasofthemoonaffected

cropsanddisthepotencymedicine,andtheyweresuretoothat

baconkilledontheoldofthemoonwouldshrivelinthepan.

TUESDAY

pirit

calledFenrirwastroublingtheworldandTyrvolunteeredtobind

achainmadeofstrangesubstances,thefootstep

ofacat,thebeardsofwomen,therootsofstones,thebreath

hishandinFenrir’smouthandboundhim,

buthishand,inthe,nglishthegod’s

eallyaGermanicdeity,one

verymuchlikeMars,theRomangodofwar,andhisnamegave

ustheOldEnglishwordTiwesdag,”thedayofTiw,”OUR

Tuesday,whichisarenderingoftheLatindiesmartis,“dayof

Mars.”

WEDNESDAY

InOldEnglishWednesdaywasspelledWodnesdag,which

wasthedayofthegreatGermanicgodWoden,who

reswiftin

asthefather

ofTyr,whogaveusthenameTuesday,andwasthegodof

omedbravewarriorstotheheavenofValhalla

andtreatedthemtothepleasuresthattheymostlovedonearth.

HealsoslewChaosandcreatedearthfromhisbody,hisflesh

makingthedryland,hisbonesthemountains,hisbloodthe

a,hisMercuriidies,the“dayofMercury,”andtheFrench

tookthisoverasMercredi,theirnameforWednesday.

THURSDAY

ThorwasthestrongestandbravestoftheNordeities,and

correspondedintheheavenlyhierarchytotheRomangod

Jupiter,,youe,

wasthegodofthunderwhichhemadewithachariotdrawnby

nedamassivehammerwhich

thegiantThrymoncestolefromhimandrefudtogiveup

unlessFreya,thegoddessoflove,

dresdupinherclotheswheedledthehammerfromThrym,

henameofthissameThor

thatformedtheOldEnglishwordthuresdag,orThursday,“the

dayofThor,”whichequalstheRomandiesjives,or“dayof

Jupiter.”

FRIDAY

InOldEnglish,Fridaywasfrigedag,thedayoftheNor

goddessFrigg,wifeofWodenandthe

goddessVenus,andherday,Friday,wasliketheLatindies

Veneris,or“dayofVenus.”WednesdayandThursdayhadbeen

namedforherhusbandWodenandhersonThor,soFridaywas

menregardedFriday

astheirluxkyday,butnotsotheChristianssincetheCrucifixion

tookplaceonFriday.

SATURDAY

InOldEnglishsaternesdag,merely“Saturn’sday,”is

half-translationandhalf-adoptionoftheLatinSaturnidies,or

“dayofSaturn,”theRomangodofsowing.

SUNDAY

SundayreplacedSaturdayastheSabbathbecauthe

roundthe4th

centurythatthechurchmadeitaholidayandforebadeanyone

nglishitwasspelledsunnandag,literallythe

“sun’sday,”atranslationoftheLatindiessolis,or“dayof

thesun.”