1. Captain John Smith became the first American writer.
2. The puritans looked upon themlves as a chon people.
3. The first major intellectual spokesman of the Massachutts Bay colony was John Cotton, sometimes called “the Patriarch of New England.”
4. Anne Bradstreet published The Tenth Mu Lately Sprung Up in America, and she was nicknamed the tenth Mu.
5. Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin.开方的函数
6. Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sen boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.
7. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
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8. Philip Freneau developed a natural, simple, and concrete diction, best illustrated in such nature lyrics as “The Wild Honey Suckle”令人惊奇的英文 and “The Indian Burying Ground”.
9. 入户玄关Philip Freneau has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.
10. In Washington Irving’s Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
11. Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that compri the Leatherstocking tales.
12. “To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok.
13. “Thanatopsis”, William Cullen Bryant’s best-known poem, consists of four stanzas in iambic tetrameter abab. The title means “view of death”.
14. Edgar Allan Poe is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.
15. Emerson believed above all in individualism, independence of mind, and lf-reliance.
16. In Walden, Thoreau thought it better for a man to work one day a week and rest six, and the rest of the time could be devoted to thought.
17. Hawthorne’s stories touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.
18. Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a emingly supernatural white whale.
19. After his death, Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.
20. Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of 伤感男头动漫Uncle Tom’s Cabin, had become an American institution and the most famous literary woman in the world.
21. William Dean Howells found his subject matter in the experiences of the American middle class.
22. William Dean Howells called for the treatment of the “smiling aspects of life” as being the more “American.”
23. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.
24. The poetic style Walt Whitman devid is now called free ver.
25. O·Henry’s stories are usually short and interesting; Famous for their surprising end.
26. Henry James is famous for his international theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life.
27. Jack London believed in the inevitable triumph of the strongest individuals.
28. Dreir’s greatest and most successful novel, An American Tragedy, is about a young man who acts as if the only way he can be truly fulfilled is by acquiring wealth—through marriage if necessary.
29. Writers of the first postwar era lf-consciously acknowledged that they were a “Lost Generation,” devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.形式大于内容
30. Wallace Stevens’ work is primarily motivated by the belief that “ideas of order”.
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31. With the publication of The Sun Also Ris, Hemingway became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a lost generation.”
Terms
公元纪年法1. Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism refers to the religious and philosophical doctrines of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others in New England in the middle 1800’s, which emphasized the importance of individual inspiration and intuition, the Oversoul, and Nature. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, lf-reliant. New England Transcendentalism is the product of a combination of native American Puritanism and Eur
opean Romanticism.
2. Naturalism
Naturalism, a more deliberate kind of realism, usually involves a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. As a literary movement, naturalism was initiated in France and it came to be led by Zola, who claimed at “scientific” status for his studies of impoverished characters mirably subjected to hunger, xual obssion, and hereditary defects. Natural fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully rearched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society. The most significant work of naturalism in English being Dreir’s Sister Carrie.
