美国文学史
一. 知识点
1.清教主义代表人物：Edwards Franklin
2.富兰克林的作品：《Poor Richard’s Almanac》 《Autobiography》
3.富兰克林自传中的十三个美德：Temperance（节制）silence （少言） order（秩序） frugality （节俭） Industry（勤勉） sincerity （真诚） resolution（决心）justice （公正） moderation （中庸）cleanliness（整洁）chastity(镇定) tranquility（节欲）humility（谦逊）
This work is a puritan document. It is puritan becau it is a record of lf-examination and lf-improvement.
4.富兰克林作品中的谚语:lost time is never found again. A penny saved is a penny earned.
God help them that help themlves. Fish and visitors stink in three days. Early to bed,
early to ri, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wi.
5.美国浪漫主义代表人物：Irving Cooper
6. Irving was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame. His works are《The Sketch Book》 《Rip Van Winkle》 《The Legend of Sleepy Hollow》
7. Cooper’s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. “Leatherstocking tales” is a ries of five novels described the frontier life of American ttlers, that is, 《The Pioneers》 《The Last of the Mohicans》 《The Prairie》 《The pathfinder》 《The Deerslayer》
8. Emerson 的代表作《Nature》. “The American Scholar” has been regarded as the American’s declaration of intellectual independence.
9.Thoreau的代表作《Walden》国学班
10.美国黑色浪漫主义代表人物：Hawthorne Melville Allan Poe
11.Whitman的作品《Leaves of Grass》 《Song of Mylf》. 用来赞扬林肯的诗歌“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” “Captain, My Captain”
12.Dickinson的诗歌“My Life Clod Twice Before Its Clo” “Wild Nights”. Dickinson was original. She es nature as both gaily benevolent and cruel. On the ethical level she emphasizes free will and human responsibility. Like Emerson, she holds that beauty, goodness, truth are the ultimately one. She is good at catching the charm of something but dropping the thing itlf.
文不加点的意思
冷战开始的标志13. Allan Poe: Father of modern short story;水晶手串
有什么新电影
Father of detective story;
Father of psychoanalytic criticism;
Father of mental analytic theory.
14. Local Colorism 的代表人物:Mark Twain
15.Naturalism 时期：
Crane的作品：《Maggie：A Girl of the Street》 《The Red Badge of Courage》
Dreir的作品：《Sister Carrie》
Jack London； O’Henry
16. Imagism 的代表人物：Pound他的作品“In a Station of the Metro”(has been regarded as
a classic specimen of imagist poetry) 小提琴尺寸对照表“Cantos”(has been called his intellectual diary since 1915).
17. Eliot 的作品《The Waste Land》
18. Robert Frost的作品“Mending Wall”这里的名言是good fences make good neighbors.
“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” “The Road not Taken”
19. Fitzgerald的作品《This Side of Paradi》 《Tender is the Night》 《The Last Tycoon》《The Great Gatsby》（代表作）
二．名词解释
1. American puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of puritans. The puritans are originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from god. It had become, to some extent, so much a n of mind, so much a part of national cultural background, rather than a t of tenets.
2. Transcendentalism: it was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture and philosophy that emerged in new England in the early middle 19th century. Transcendentalists spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism in America
n society. It place emphasis on spirit, or the over soul as the most important thing in the world. It stresd the importance of the individual and offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the spirit or god. Prominent transcendentalists included 什么是刺猬紫檀Edwards and Thoreau.
3. Local Colorism: Mark Twain was the reprentative of local colorism. It as a trend became dominant in American literature in the late 1860s and early 1870s, it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone el than a native, as local colorists tried to immortalize the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular language and satirical humor. Generally speaking, the writings of local colorists are concerned with the life of a small, well-defined region or province. The characteristic tting is the isolated small town.
4. Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America. In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry. I风扇转速调节magists placed primary reliance on t
he u of preci, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stresd precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and the u of oral language. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free ver, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry. Its reprentative was Pound.
5. Modernsim: American modernism was the phenomenon of international modernism transplanted in the American context. The modernists have a more complex view of reality. They believe that reality is experienced from different perspectives and at different levels. Modernism is pluralistic in styles and inclusive of diver respons to the human condition in the modern world.
