东北师大附中2009-2010高三英语语法复习
专题十三 动词以及动词短语辨析
编稿人：范纯萍 王锐 王艳飞 审稿人：高三英语组
一、知识精要
动词是英语中最重要的词汇，是句子的核心，几乎每一个句子必有一个动词来担当谓语，说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”。动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:
1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；6.熟记高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, t, take, turn, t等）
春风得意马蹄疾一日看尽长安花（一）动词分类
类别 | 语法功能 | 示例 |
[来源:Z_xx_k.Com][来源:学科网ZXXK] [来源cad三视图:学科网] 实义动词 | 及物动词[来源:学科网] | 带宾语[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:Z*xx*k.Com][网] | tell, ask, learn, produce等[六年级上册数学期末考试题来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K][来m] |
不及物动词 | 不带宾语 | go, come, work, wait等 |
状态动词 | 相对静止的状态 | know, love, like, own等 |
动作动 词 | 延续性动词 | 动作可持续一段时间 | work，stay，sleep等 |
非延续性动词 | 短暂动作，不能持续 | finish, end, start, come等 |
系动词 | 表示人或事物的特征和状态 | appear, be, feel, look, em, smell, sound, taste等 |
表示状态的变化 | become, get, turn, go, fall等 |
表示某种状态的延续或持续 | 狗狗健康keep, remain等 |
助动词 | 必须与原形动词或分词构成复合谓语，不能独立作谓语 | be(is, was, am, are, were), do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, will, would等 |
情态动词 | 必须与原形动词构成复合谓语，不能独立作谓语 | can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need, dare等 |
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（二）动词词义辨析
动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：
1、形状相似的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; ri, rai; sit, at等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advi, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。
4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, e, hear等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
（三）常考动词辨析
1. leave/ remain
(1) leave: 买用英语怎么说表示“剩下；听任处于某种状态”，是及物动词。
eg. Nothing was left on the table. / Nobody was left in the office.
Leave the door open/ the questions unanswered
(2) remain: 表示“剩余；留下；继续，保持某种状态”，是不及物动词。
eg. Little of the old building remained after the earthquake.
Only one student remained.
Some problems remain to be solved.
remain ated/ young/ remain at home
It remains to be en whether the operation is successful or not. 那一夜我们
注意：There is only five minutes left.
the remaining five minutes
2. become/get/turn/ grow/ go/come
(1) become 是表示状态改变的常用语，后接名词或形容词。
negotiator eg. He became an artist. / The sky became cloudy.
(2) get 更多用于口语中，一般指变化得比较快。
eg. He’s getting more and more nervous.
Your dinner is getting cold.
(3) turn 可以指颜色的改变。当表示职业身份的转变时，不用冠词。
eg. My face turned red. / The leaves turned golden.
He turned writer after he retired as a policeman.
半妖司藤小说turn还可以表示“时间／年龄”的变化。
eg. Dennis’s just turned 30.
What time is it? It’s just turned 3:00.
(4) grow 多表示渐次产生的变化。
eg. It is growing warm.
He has grown to like volleyball.
(5) go多表示由好向坏的变化。
eg. The meat’s gone bad.
The poor woman went crazy.
(6) come多表示由坏向好的变化。
eg. All my dreams have come true.
It came right in the end.
3. fit/suit/match
(1) fit强调尺寸、形状的合适，合体。
eg. The shoes don’t fit me — have you got a larger size?
The dress fits you well.
(2) suit指颜色、款式等合适。
eg. Black and red suit you very well.
Do you think this style suits me well?
suit还可以指安排是否方便。
eg. Tuesday suits me fine for a meeting.
(3) match 的意思是“匹配，搭配”，指由于颜色、图案、风格等相近令其放在一起时更美观或漂亮。
eg. I want a tie that matches the suit.
I’m afraid the curtains do not match the decoration of the hou.
match 还可以表示“吻合”。
eg. The blood on the knife matches the suspect’s blood-type.
4. lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
中 文 | 原 形 | 过 去 式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 | 说 明 |
安放，放置 | lay | laid | laid | laying | 及物动词 |
躺 | lie | lay | lain | lying | 不及物动词 |
说谎 | lie | lied | lied | lying | 不及物动词 |
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eg. He laid his hand on my shoulder.
He was badly injured on the leg, so he had to lie in bed for days.
Don’t lie to your wife for she will tell it.
5. hang
hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
eg. Philip hung his coat on a hook behind the door.
Queen Mary was hanged to death.
6. rai / lift / ri / ari
(1) rai：vt. 举起（由下往上）；提出；抚养；饲养。
eg. In order to make himlf heard, he raid his voice.
Many shops raid their prices during the Christmas period.
I’ll rai the question at tomorrow’s meeting.
Raising pigs is his full-time job.
(2) ri：vi. 上升（相当于go up）；起身（相当于stand up）；起床（相当于get up）。
eg. Prices ri day by day.
I was about to ri when another guest came in.
(3) ari是不及物动词，主要意义为“出现，产生”，常用于借喻。
eg. Some new difficulties have recently arin in our work.
A strong wind aro and blew over our boat.
