初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧
一、中考的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。
1、叙述文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂，所以中考中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。
2、说明文（描述文）
说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）——发现直接原因——分析深层原因——得出结论或找到出路。
3、议论文
议论文模式是主张——反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。
生意多
二、答题的基本步骤
1、先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和用户服务，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。
2、细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词，它们既是检查的重点，也是把握全文意思的突破口。因此必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。
3、复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。
4、抓细节、做记号：了解文章主旨后应该细读文章，并且边读边用铅笔做些记号，例如把人物、时间、地点等圈出来，看完再回头找时便一目了然了。对于难一点的题目，要回头再查阅短文，在文中划出依据。
三、解题技巧
（一）细节理解题
一般针对某个特定的细节而提供，难度较小，属表层信息理解，考生通读短文后可直接找出答案依据。
通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：
1、五个W （who ，which ，when ，where ，what）和一个H （how）；
2、数字、日期、时间等；
3、同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；
4、注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。
well as等。
（二）词句理解题
此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。
1、正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
2、根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：
（1）注意定义和解释；
（2）同义词或近义词的提示；
（3）近义词和反义词的提示；
（4）利用悬念的属种关系；
（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。
（三）推理判断题
通过字里行间的阅读，作合理的推断。
1、分析文章的主旨。
2、分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。
3、寻找文章的逻辑思路。
4、核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系
（四）归纳概括题
此题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思路。
1、猜测词义法：遇到生词时，要根据上下文进行推测，确定该词的确定含义。具体的方法有：
（1）根据上下文已知内容进行逻辑上的推理。
（2）利用定义线索猜词。
（3）利用解析线索猜词。
（4）利用同意词或反义词线索猜词。
最新人与动物（5）利用构词法知识猜词。
（6）利用因果关系猜词，可借助becau, since, so，as等词。
（7）结合语法知识进行语法分析。
（8）依据常识和经验做出判断。
2、排除法：在4个选项中，有3个选项是干扰项，干扰项往往使主题思想与细节混杂或多个细节互相混杂，甚至某些选项在文章中根本没有叙述，这些都会干扰考生作出正确判断，因此，不但要在文章中找出相对应的信息，还要正确的排除干扰项。
3、判断推理法：就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的未知的信息。具体方法有：
（1）事实推断：首先在文章中找出据以判断的有关词或句子，然后加以分析，悟出字里
（2）对作者的意图和态度的推断：作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往含在字里行间。因此，既要将文章的主题思想作为推断的前提，还应注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词、副词等修饰语。
（3）纸袋推断：要推断指代词所指的对象，关键在于对该词所在的上下文的正确的理解。指代词的单复数形式应与被指代词的单复数形式一致。芦苇海
（4）逻辑推断：根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
4、主题中心法：依据主题句确定短文的中心，主旨大意题归于归纳概括类，找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题句一般在文中的首段、末段或每段的首、尾句中，有时也出现在一些段落的中间位置。
5、结构分析法：是在阅读时，通过理清文章的框架结构、各段主旨及部分之间逻辑上的联系，从而从全局上把握文章内容的一种方法。这种方法要求我们在阅读时，不应局限于词、句、段，而应上升到篇章结构。一般采取以下步骤：
1.阅读各段并把握其主旨大意。
2.理顺各段或部分之间的逻辑关系。
3.顺利文章的整体结构，从整体上分析、理解文义。这样，就可以避免由于孤立、片面地分析文章而造成的错误。
6、比较分析法：就是要善于将题目与原文中的有关句子进行比较、分析，要善于找出相同点与不同点，而不同点往往就是答题的关键，有时题目就是从文章中照搬的。
南通2018——阅读理解（本题共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Do you know five of the smallest countries of the world are in
Europe? They’re commonly know as the microstates．
Andorra
It's in the Mount Pyrenees，which parates France and
Spain．It is about 470 square kilometers and has a population of
about 70, 000．While Andorrans make up only about one-third of
the population，almost half are Spanish and the rest are Portugue and French．The official language is Catalan．
Liechtenstein
It is a principality．Its area of 160 square kilometers is home to 33,000 people who speak mostly German．There is great skiing here．
San Marino
六个月宝宝发烧As one of the world's oldest republics，it covers an area of 61 square kilometers．It has a population of about 28,000 and they speak Italian there．Tourism is the main industry，but banking，clothing，wine，and chee are also important to the country．
Monaco
It is located（位于）on the Mediterranean Sea along the coast of France，not far from the Italian border．It has a population of 32,000 and is only 2 square kilometers！It is the world’s most denly（密集的）populated country！Many wealthy people choo to live here．Most of them are French or Italian．
Vatican City
Known as Roman Catholic Church，Vatican City is the world's smallest country，measuring only 0. 44 square kilometers．Surprisingly，it is located in Rome，the capital city of Italy．Although it is home to only 890 citizens，3,000 people from Rome work here every day．Millions of tourists visit each year to e its buildings and famous artwork．
31．How many Spanish are in Andorra？
A．About 70,000． B．About 23,000．
C．About 35,000． D．About 12,000．
32．Which country does the number ②in the picture refer（指）to？
A．Andorra． B．Liechtenstein． C．San Marino． D．Monaco．33．Which of the following is true according to the passage？
A．Skiing is very popular in Liechtenstein．
B．Banking is the main industry of San Marino．
查询企业营业执照C．Liechtenstein has fewer people than San Marino．
D．Vatican City，the capital city of Italy, is in Rome
B
A TV program“National Treasure”has become a huge hit since last
描写事的作文
December. It is another cultural TV program on CCTV that has ever had
wonderful success in China，alter the“Chine Character Dictation
Competition”in 2013，the“Chine Idiom Competition”in 2014．the
“Chine Riddle Competition”in 2016，and the“Chine Poetry Competition”in 2017．
The TV program has ten episodes（集）．Across them，a total of 27 national treasures from nine major Chine muums were prented．The program brings the relics （古物）to life and displ
ays their unique beauty through different artistic methods. The opening episode showed three of China's finest cultural treasures from the Palace Muum in Beijing．Famous actors Li Chen，Wang Kai and Tony Leung played the“national treasure guardians”of each item．They told not only the mysteries behind the treasures but also their own stories about them．
Li Chen plays Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty，and tells the history of a precious painting“A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains”by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty．Wang Kai，acting as Emperor Qianlong（1711—1799）of the Qing Dynasty（1644—1911），prented the historical background of“Large Va with Variegated Glazes”．The va has 17 kinds of glaze（釉）and 12 paintings，and had to be re-fired veral times in its production．During the rule of Qianlong，China's porcelain（制瓷的）techniques were the finest in the world．Hong Kong actor Tony Leung is the national treasure guardian of the 23-hundred-year-old stone drum and plays Sima Guang（1019-1086）from the Northern Song Dynasty．Sima Guang and his father Sima Chi worked hard to find the real stone drums and protected them in the past．“As a culture show，‘National Treasure’aims to bring history to life．We want our viewers to feel that the cultural relics are like people and that they have their own personalities and lives，”said Yu Lei，producer of the program，“people's interest in culture as well as the tradition and workmanship of the Chine natio
n has become a trend（潮流）．This has encouraged us to better promote（弘扬）our fine culture．We hope through the program，more and more people will go into muums to enjoy the beauty of relics．”
34．What type of TV show is "National Treasure"？
A．A culture show． B．A travel show．
C．A music show． D．A chat show．
35．What did Sima Guang do for protecting national treasures？
日本银行A．He told the mysteries behind the national treasures．
B．He painted“A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains”．
C．He re-fired“Large Va with Variegated Glazes”veral times．
D．He found and protected the real stone drums with his father．
36．What can you learn from the passage？
胃寒吃什么药最有效
A．The“Chine Poetry Competition”became nationwide popular in 2013．B．The Palace Muum prented three treasures from the Song Dynasty．
C．China's porcelain techniques were the finest in the world in the 17th century．
D．Nine major muums prented 27 national treasures in ten episodes．
37．The purpo of the TV program“National Treasure”is to ．
① better promote Chine fine culture
②tell viewers the relics don't have lives
③invite its viewers to play the roles of the guardians
④encourage more people to enjoy relics in muums
A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④
C
Don't Let Anxiety Hold You Back from Living Your Dreams Anxiety is the state of feeling nervous，worried or fearful．When you're anxious，you may feel
