美国文学Unit5
The Eighteenth Century (1688-1798)
Background Knowledge and writers
1 Political, Economic and cultural Changes
The Tory( Court Party) and the Whig (Country Party): free trade
The industrial revolution (1750s)
Expansion of colonies overas
1709, Copyright Act
2 The Enlightenment Movement
The Enlightenment refers to the intellectual movement from 1680s to 1789.
It celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science.
Its purpo was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. Richard Steele(1672-1729)
Joph Addison (1672-1719)
The Tatler 《闲谈者》
The Spectator 《旁观者》
●:customs, manners, morals, literature and other current topics of the time
●improving the minds, morals and manners of their readers.
3 Literary Achievements
1 Neoclassicism
A revival in the 17th and 18th century of classical standards of order, logic, restrained emotion and
accuracy in literature.
It was initiated by John Dryden, culminated in Alexander Pope, continued by Samuel Johnson. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
He is a poet, essayist, literary critic and a lexicographer
Major works:
A Dictionary of the English Language
The Lives of the Poets
London
The 18th Century
3 Literary Achievements
3.2 The Ri of English Novel
蜂胶作用
Samuel Richardson(1689-1761)
the founder of the English domestic novel(英国家庭小说）
the epistolary novel(书信体小说）, i.e. stories told in a ries of letters, which had much influence on Europe.
Major works: (1) Pamela, Or Virtue Rewarded帕米拉(1740)
(2)Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady克拉丽莎(1748)
Henry Fielding (1707-1754)
a dramatist, essayist and a novelist.
Joph Andrew (1742)
Jonathan Wild the Great (1743)
Tom Jones (1749)
Amelia (1751)
Tobias Smollett (1721-1771)
a Scottish poet and author
The Adventures of Roderick Random(1748)
The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751)
The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker (1771)
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)加班费英文
The earliest practitioners of novel.
a pioneer of journalism
A prolific and versatile writer
His Writing中国年代表
1719–20Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊飘流记
1720 Captain Singleton 辛格顿船长
1722 A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记
1722 Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯
1722 Colonel Jack 杰克上校
吃墨水
1724 Roxana罗克萨那
(Defoe emphasizes that the environment in which one grows up and lives is the decisive element in the orientation of the one’s behavior. )
3 Robinson Crusoe
Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe (1719), tells of the story of the shipwrecked Crusoe's solitary existence on a dert island for more than 28 years, of his encounter with the native Friday, and of his eventual rescue and his subquent adventures.
Title page from the first edition
Defoe’s writing style
1verisimilitude逼真,可能性
the form of memoirs or pretended historical narratives. (the autobiographical form )
the journalistic skill (describe things and happenings in great detail and u specific time and place).
2 His language is clarity without ornament, smooth, colloquial and mostly vernacular, but never coar. James Joyce
Novelist James Joyce eloquently noted that the true symbol of the British conquest is Robinson Crusoe: "He is the true prototype of the British colonist… The whole Anglo-Saxon spirit is in Crusoe: the manly independence, the unconscious cruelty, the persistence, the slow yet efficient intelligence, the xual apathy (冷漠), the calculating (大耳念什么
工于心计的；精明的) taciturnity (沉默寡言)".Robinson Crusoe was influential in creating a colonization mythology.
Sentimentality
A partial reaction against that cold and logic rationalism.
Novelist: Samuel Richardson, Laurence Sterne, Oliver Goldsmith,
Poet: Thomas Gray
Laurence Sterne (1713-1768)
李泽凯
Reprentative of ntimentalism and father of the postmodernist novel
Major Works
The Life and opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
与春天有关的词语
ASentimental Journey Through France and Italy by Mr. Yorick
Oliver Goldsmith (1730-1774)
Novel:The Vicar of Wakefield (1766)
Poem: The Derted Village (1770)
Drama: She Stoops to Conquer (1771)
Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)
an Irish playwright
Drama: The Rivals (1774)
The School for Scandal (1777)
The Critic (1779)
心理辅导案例
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
One of the greatest satirists.
The Battle of Books (1704）书的战争
A Tale of a Tub一个木桶的故事
The Irish Drapier’s Letters (1724)布商的书信
A Modest Proposal (1729)一个温和的建议
