【2001年8级测试英译汉英语演讲稿开头和结尾】
Posssion for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels1. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high2. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himlf only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.
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Effort is the gist of it3. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choo our difficulties4. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”5. The mortal flaw in the advertid version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless6.
We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it becau without difficulty there can
be no game. A game is a way of making something hard of the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty7. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.
【概述】
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这是一篇说理性的议论文，文章评论美国19世纪哲学家、思想家、作家亨利·儿童攀岩大卫·梭罗对人生幸福的看法。用词正式，逻辑严谨，哲理性强。译好这类文章有一定难度，但在近年的8级考试中出现的概率较高，不可忽视。翻译时要注意整篇文章的逻辑关系，特别注意语篇的连贯和衔接。
【翻译要点评析】
1. Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau (1817 — 1862), 美国哲学家、作家、“一个人的乌托邦”的倡导者和实践者，年轻时代师从美国“先验论者”爱默生，其论著在美国有一定影响。idea of the low levels和idea of the high, 是梭罗所理解的“低层次境界”和“高层次境界”。
2. active discipline: 主动律己；heightening one’s perception: 提高自己的感悟能力；what is enduring in nature: 自然界永恒存在之物；在his idea of the high短语中，后边省略了levels,与上句idea of the low levels相对应。
3. gist: 与esnce同义，意为“精要；精髓”。此句可译为“全力以赴，便是其精髓所在”。
4. short of: 除……之外。short of the impossible 可译为“除了不可能做的事情之外”。Yeats:William Butter Yeats, 叶芝（1865 — 1939）爱尔兰诗人及剧作家，曾获1923年诺贝尔文学奖。as Yeats put it: 正像叶芝说得那样。
5. Robert Frost: 罗伯特·弗罗斯特（1874——1963），美国著名诗人，曾4次获得美国普利策诗歌奖。taking painbs: 吃苦；努力。例如：It takes pains to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语非吃苦不可。
6. mortal flaw: 致命的缺陷。advertid 应理解为popular, made known, 即“世人宣扬的”，“世俗的”。Purport:意味着；大意是……。
7. arbitrary imposition of difficulty: 任意施加难度于；人为设定难度。
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【参考译文】
梭罗所理解的“低层次境界”是，为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次境界”，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可以将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但在饮食方面所投入的精力仅裹腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，除此，别无他求。
努力才是其精髓。没有磨砺， 何来幸福。 叶芝说过，除了难以可为的事情，人生的幸福大小就在于所选择的难度高低。罗伯特•弗罗斯特也有“以苦为乐”之类的说法，他与叶芝英雄所见略同。世人所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命错误就在于它认为，幸福似乎可以唾手可得。
甚至于游戏也离不开难度。没有了难度也就没有了游戏。游戏之道恰恰在于难中作乐。游戏规则就是人为设定的难度。不依规则便叫人意兴阑珊。下棋时随心所欲、信马由缰会赢得很爽但没劲儿。唯有进退有尺有度方才趣味横生。不难便无趣儿。
【爱字开头的诗句2002年8级测试英译汉】
The word “winner” and “lor” have many meanings1. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone el lo. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society2降水井施工方案.
龃龉前行Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themlves and as such do not u their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others3. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable4. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.
Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to u their own knowledge5. They can parate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers6. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or
awed by them7.
Winners do not play“helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game8. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.
【概述】
这是一篇议论文，议题讨论人生的核心问题——成功与失败。虽然涉及的题目人人皆知，但对其真实内涵却仁者见仁，智者见智。该文语言精炼，讲究修辞，采用对比、排比等手法加强语气。翻译时应注意上下文的逻辑关系，注意修辞格的翻译技巧。
【翻译要点评析】
1. “winner”和“lor”这两个词是该文的关键词，一开头能否正确选择好词义将影响到整篇文章的翻译。一般情况下，译为“赢家”和“输家”，或“胜者”和“败者”。但本文第一句就说，这两个词have many meanings。这就意味着本文所讨论的winner并不是传统意义上的“赢家”或“胜者”，下文对winner的定义就说明了本文的winner与传统定义不同。鉴于此，我们可以将winner译为“成功者”或“智者”。
