以前谈过了动词形态的错误,这种错误屡见不鲜,是英语错误中常见的⼀种。因为这缘故,很多英语考试,都会有⼀项动词形式选择或改正的试题。
开证明
从观察所得,动词形态错误的⼀个原因是不规则动词的混淆所引起的。
这⾥便举些例⼦谈谈。
㈠ Hang
这动词有两个主要意思,就是“悬挂”和“吊死”。前者的过去式和过去分词是hung,如:
① Mr Lim hung a newly bought oil painting on the wall.三七女生节
② Who has hung the dirty clothes on the tree?
Hang当“吊死”时⽤,它的过去式和过去分词是hanged,如:
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③ The prisoner hanged himlf in the prison.
④ Drug-traffickers, if arrested, will be hanged.
苹果投影 如果贸贸然⽤hung代替hanged或以hanged取代hung就会令⼈莫名其妙,如:
⑤ The murderer was caught and hung.
⑥ How can such a nice painting be hanged in the kitchen?
㈡ Lie
这动词的常见意思是“说谎”和“躺下”。前者的过去式和过去分词是lied;后者的是lay和lain.
若不⼩⼼,把两个动词的形式搞乱了,很可能会有这样的错误:oppo忘记密码
⑦ The puppy lied on the carpet and slept.
⑧ Have you lain to your good friend?
⑦⾥的应为lay;⑧⾥的是lied.
提到lay,它也是原动词,意思是“⽣产”或“摆设”;过去式和过去分词都是laid,如:
⑨ That hen has laid its first egg.
⑩ Mother laid the table for dinner.
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㈢ Speed
当“急驰”时,这动词的过去式和过去分词是sped;和up连⽤当 “加速”解时,则⽤speeded,如:
雪人怎么做 The boy ran out of doors and sped down the main road.
The new scheme has speeded up the administrative process.
㈣ Bear
这动词有⼏个意思,包括“⽣产”和“出⽣”,过去形式是bore ,过去分词是born/borne,如:
Pat has borne two lovely children.
Lily was born after Singapore's independence.
欺辱的近义词 Born只⽤在“出⽣”这意思上,其余的要⽤borne,如:
The Government's investments abroad have borne fruit.(结果)
David has borne with the unfriendly criticisms with tremendous courage.(忍受)