高考英语·阅读理解·强化训练
Passage Three：
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university rearchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a nior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choo rearch questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less vere for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a rearch associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (
制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral rearcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow rearch project.”
57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means____.
A. university rearchers know little about the commercial world
B. there is little exchange between industry and academia
C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D. few university professors are willing to do industrial rearch
58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that____.
A. keeps someone from taking action B. to move the traffic
红烧豆角的做法
C. attracts people’s attention D. brings someone a financial burden
59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
数字的四字词语 A. Flexible work hours. B. Her rearch interests.
C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.
60.Guy Grant cho to work as a rearcher at Cambridge in order to____.
A. do financially more rewarding work B. rai his status in the academic
world
C. enrich his experience in medical rearch D. exploit better intellectual opportunities
61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
美丽的新疆作文 A. Increa its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.
B. Develop its students’ potential in rearch.
C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D. Gear its rearch towards practical applications.
Passage Four：
The $11 billion lf-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
论的组词
Rearchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older rearch showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel wor, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praid for their sympathy, they felt even wor about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' lf-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 conds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were suppod to tell themlves, "I am lovable."
Tho with low lf-esteem didn't feel better after the forced lf-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than tho of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things wor. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the lf-help industry?
A) It is a highly profitable industry. B) It is bad on the concept of positive thinking.
额济纳旅游 C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. D) It has yielded positive results.
63. What is the finding of the Canadian rearchers?
A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D) The power of positive thinking is limited.
64. What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para.3)?
笔记本电脑怎么调节屏幕亮度 A) You are not taking his mistakes riously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A) It is important for people to continually boost their lf-esteem.
B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.
C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their lf-esteem.
真秦始皇 D) People with low lf-esteem ldom write down their true feelings.
66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.大学生创业优惠政策
B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation. Keys:CABDA BAABB
