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You never e them, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you're going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them em like something out of a ic book. They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean June 30, xx, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cau of a tragedy in which 152 pasngers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all US mercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was pletely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane—the area least subje
ct to impact—from its original position in the
landing wells (起落架舱). That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were
never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine nois and
other operating functions that help investigators
reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) ca and surrounded by quarter-inch-
thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2 000°F. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20 000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, xx, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely
to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-a crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
57. What does the author say about the black box?
A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.
B) The idea for its design es from a ic book.
C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.
D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.
两个表格怎么筛选相同数据58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A) Data for analyzing the cau of the crash.
B) The total number of pasngers on board.
C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
劲爆真心话问题大全D) Homing signals nt by the pilot before the crash.
59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A) New materials became available by that time.
B) Too much space was needed for its installation.
C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.
D) The early models didn't provide the needed data.
60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane.夆怎么读
B) To caution people to handle them with care.
C) To make them easily identifiable.
D) To conform to international standards.
61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered.女人上节育环价格表
B) There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.
C) They have stopped nding homing signals.
D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
The $11 billion lf-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can sueed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
个中三昧Rearchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine
Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older rearch showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel wor, not better. If you t
ell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praid for their sympathy, they felt even wor about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' lf-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes.
Every 15 conds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were suppod to tell themlves, “I am lovable.”
Tho with low lf-esteem didn't feel better after the forced lf-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than tho of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to aept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things wor. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the lf-help industry?
作文评语小学
A) It is a highly profitable industry.
B) It is bad on the concept of positive thinking.
C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D) It has yielded positive results.
63. What is the finding of the Canadian rearchers?
A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
