高中虚拟语气的讲解+练习+详解

更新时间:2023-06-17 01:30:47 阅读: 评论:0

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
  虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表:
 
条件状语从句
     
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反
一般过去时(bewere)
would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形
would/should/could/might + 动词原形
  例句:
1)表示与现在事实相反
  If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
2)表示与过去事实相反
  If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
3)表示与将来事实相反
  I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
  在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如:
  Had I been= If I had been in that situation I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
  Should there be = If there should be a drought what should we do at that time
 2. 错综时间条件句
  有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如:
  If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
 3. 含蓄条件句
  有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:withotherwiwithoutbut forin that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如:
低风险理财  But for the help from you I would not have had the chance to go to college.
高三励志名言二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
  在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should不禁的近义词”过去时态类
(一)should
  这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形体现出来的,should可以省略。其具体运用体现在:
 1. suggest order demand propo command request desireinsist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
  如:He suggests that she should leave the hou at once.
  The leader ordered that the taskshould be finished as soon as possible.
  He propod that we shoulddeal with the problem by the view of development.
 2. suggestorderdemandpropocommandrequestdesireinsist等动词相对应的名词suggestionorderdemand期中考试复习proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要
使用虚拟语气。如:The general nt the order that the battleshouldbe held on until the complete failure of       the enemy.
  My proposal is that weshould t a deadline for handing in the plan.
 3. It is/was suggested ordereddemandedpropodetc.)结构以及necessaryesntialimportant早安地球strangenatural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:
  It’s requested that we 和差化积公式推导过程(shouldkeep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
  It is necessary that the badly wounded manshould be treated immediately.
(二)过去时态类
  英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
 1. wishwould rather 后的宾语从句。如:
  He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
农业项目
  I would rather you could teach me again.
 2. as ifas though引导的从句。如:
  The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
  He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
 3. if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。如:
  If only I had pasd the test
  If only it stopped raining
 4. It isabout/high time 后的定语从句。如:
  It is time we went out for a walk.
  It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
  在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。如:
  Would you mind smoking here
  May you be lucky
  Long live the people of China
  God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.Donald. J. Trump insists that he ______ the phone in his Government office all the time, instead of his own cellphone and that the New York Times ______ the fake news.
A.us; stops    B.u; stops
C.us; stop    D.u; stop
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查insist的用法。句意:Donald. J. Trump坚称他一直在使用政府办公室的电话,而不是自己的手机,并且坚持要求纽约时报应该停止报道虚假信息。第一个insist表示“坚持说”, insist表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”,从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态,谓语一般用陈述语气,本从句根据主句用一般现在时。第二个insist表示“坚持要”后接宾语从句,宾语从句通常用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),should可以省略。故C选项正确。
【点睛】
insist其后可接that-从句,但要根据意思的不同而分清两种情况:(1)表示“坚持要”“一定要”,
从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实,此时谓语通常用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),而且引导词that一般不省略(尤其是当已经省略 should 时)。(2) 表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”,从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态,谓语一般用陈述语气,引导词 that 可省略。
根据句子的语境以及句意,可以判断出insist后接了两个宾语从句,insist第一个意思是表示“坚持说”,所以从句用陈述性的语气,且句子为一般现在时,所以用us。而insist第二个意思表示“坚持要”,所以从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),所以用u。综上所述,C选项正确。
2.This is his only request that the room_______ after being ud.
A.be cleaned    B.would be cleaned    C.is cleaned    D.will be cleaned
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。本题是一个同位语从句,前面的名称是request,后面的同位语从句中使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。句意:使用以后这个房间要被打扫干净,这是他唯一的请求。故A正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气
点评:request/order/demsnd/advice等后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。
3.Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever.
怎么查看qq共同好友A.as if    B.in ca
C.while    D.though
【答案】A

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标签:虚拟语气   使用   动词   条件句   虚拟   表示   事实
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