高考英语语法精讲与精练 | 第十二章 定语从句
第十二章 定语从句精讲与精练
一、定语从句从句讲前练：在空格处填入适当的词
I have a dog, [1]_____ears are long.I often walk it in the park, [2]________ the air is fresh and heavy with the smell of beautiful flowers. The reason [3]_________ I am fond of walking my dog is that it does good to its health.However, there was a time [4]_________I hated walking the dog. At one time,we lived in an old hou [5]________was located on the river bank.There was an atmosphere [6]______made me upt.The dog barked loudly at night, [7]_______made me unable to sleep.And therefore, I got angry with it. But now things have changed a lot. We live in a comfortable hou with a big yard, [8]________ the dog has more freedom to enjoy itlf. It has a sharp n of smell, of [9]______I feel proud. [10]__________is often the ca, the dog is loyal to me.
Keys: 1.who 2.where 3.why 4.when 5.which/that 6.which/that 7.which 8.where 9.which 10.As
二、定语从句考点精讲：
定语从句考点1、定语从句的基本概念
1.定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
EG1：The man who is talking to our English teacher is Tom’s father.
2.关系词的作用：
①放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用;
②在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致;
③指代先行词的作用，关系代词的含义就是先行词的含义，关系副词的含义等于介词+先行词的含义。
EG2：This is the factory where（in which）his father once worked.
这是我父亲曾经工作的工厂。
【解析】关系词where/in which 除了连接主句“This is the factory”与从句“his father once worked”外，还在从句中作地点状语，而且指代先行词，相当于in the factory.
EG3：We should do all that is uful to the people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
【解析】关系词that除了连接主句“We should do all”和从句“is uful to the people”外，还在从句中作主语，而且指代先行词all。
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
EG4: Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.高六
【限制性定语从句】
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）
二胡起源
会议主题
EG5:Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
【非限制性定语从句】
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：她只有一个哥哥）
注意：
绿色环保作文①限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号分开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开。有无逗号是区分它们的标志。
②注意定语从句的翻译：限制性定语从句翻译成“......的......”; 而非限制性定语从句翻译成两个句子。韩国十大
③限制性定语从句是对现行词的修饰和限定，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充和说明，关系词不可以省略。
对比练习
1.I am reading Harry Porter, _________________is an interesting book. Key:which
2.I am reading the book ________________I borrowed from the library. Key：which / that
3.He failed in the exam, _______________made his parents angry. Key: which
4.He has two sons. Both of ____________ are teachers. Key:them
5.He has two sons, both of ____________ are teachers. Key:whom
定语从句考点2、关系代词与关系副词的基本性质
注意：
1）、选择哪个关系词取决于先行词的指代和关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。
2）、如何判断关系词（常是要填的空格）在句中充当什么句子成分：主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，关系词就是什么成分。
考点对点练1.用适当的关系词填空
北京故宫英语
1.The App We Chat provides a networking platform__________communication is faster and easier. Key: where
2.Running man is such an funny reality show _______has the gravity to pull you in front of your television. Key:as
3.The old pictures bring them to the days ___________they spent together,_______ life was hard but happy. Key:that/which, when
4.Lenovo has produced a new laptop ______low cost will make it attractive to students.
Key: who
琴瑟之好
定语从句考点3、who 引导的定语从句
Who引导定语从句时在从句中作定语用,后面必须接名词，先行词与后面的名词有所属关系；“who +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；who 的先行词常指人，但有时也可以指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“the+名词+of which或of which+the名词”。
二十四节气民俗EG5：The hou who windows are broken is mine. 【who windows在从句中作主语】
=The hou of which the windows are broken is mine.
=The hou the windows of which are broken is mine.
EG6: He is the man who car was stolen yesterday.
EG7: It was a meeting who importance I did not realize at that time. 【who importance在从句中作宾语】
