-ability
suffix expressing ability, fitness, or capacity, from L. -abilitas, forming nouns from adjs. ending in -abilis (e -able). Not etymologically related to ability, though popularly connected with it.
-able
suffix expressing ability, capacity, fitness, from French, from L. -ibilis, -abilis, forming adjectives from verbs, from PIE *-tro-, a suffix ud to form nouns of instrument. In Latin, infinitives in -are took -abilis, others -ibilis; in English, -able is ud for native words, -ible for words of obvious Latin origin. The Latin suffix is not etymologically connected with able, but it long has been popularly associated with it, and this has contributed to its survival as a living suffix. It is related to the cond syllable of rudder and saddle.
-acea
suffix denoting orders and class in zoology, from L. -acea, neut. pl. of -aceus "belonging to, of the nature of" (enlarged from adj. suffix -ax, gen. -acis); neut. pl. becau of a presumed animalia, a neuter plural noun. Thus, crustacea "shellfish" are *crustacea animalia "crusty animals." In botany, the suffix is -aceae, from the fem. pl. of -aceus, with reference to L. plantae, which is a fem. plural.
-aceous
suffix denoting "belonging to, of the nature of," from L. -aceus, enlarged form of adj. suffix -ax (gen. -acis); e -acea. Especially in biology, "pertaining to X order of plants or animals."
-acious
adj. suffix meaning "given to, inclined to, abounding in," from L. -aci- (nom. -ax), noun ending ud with verbal stems, + -ous. 弟子规全文朗读儿童版
-ad
suffix denoting collective numerals (cf. Olympiad), plant families, and names of poems, from Gk. -as (gen. -ados), a suffix forming fem. nouns; also ud in fem. patronymics (Dryad, Naiad, also, in plural, Pleiades, Hyades).
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-ade
suffix denoting an action or product of an action, from L. -ata (Fr. -ade, Sp. -ada, It. -ata), fem. pp. ending ud in forming nouns. A living prefix in French, from which many words have come into Engl
ish (e.g. lemonade). Latin -atus, pp. suffix of verbs of the 1st conjugation also became -ade in French (Sp. -ado, It. -ato) and came to be ud as a suffix denoting persons or groups participating in an action (e.g. brigade). 生物物理学
-ado
in commando, desperado, tornado, and other words of Spanish and Portugue origin, "person or group participating in an action," from L. -atus, pp. suffix of verbs of the first conjugation (cf. -ade).
-ae
occasional plural suffix of words ending in -a, most of which, in English, are from Latin nom. fem. sing. nouns, which in Latin form their plurals in -ae. But plurals in -s were established early in English for many of them (e.g. idea, arena) and many have crosd over since. It is now impossible to insist on purity one way or the other without creating monstrosities.
酸笋炒牛肉-age
suffix forming nouns of act, process, function, condition, from O.Fr./Fr. -age, from L.L. -aticum "belonging to, related to," originally neut. adj. suffix, from L. -atus, pp. suffix
of verbs of the first conjugation.
-aholic
abstracted from alcoholic; first in sugarholic (1965), foodoholic (sic., 1965); later in workaholic (1968), golfaholic (1971), chocoholic (1971), and shopaholic (1984).
-al (1)
suffix forming adjectives from nouns or other adjectives, "of, like, related to," M.E. -al, -el, from O.Fr. or directly from L. -alis (e -al (2)).
-al (2)
suffix forming nouns of action from verbs, mostly from Latin and French, meaning "act of ______ing" (e.g. survival, referral), M.E. -aille, from French fem. sing. -aille, from L. -alia, neut. pl. of adj. suffix -alis, also ud in English as a noun suffix. Nativized in English and ud with Germanic verbs (e.g. bestowal, betrothal).
燕的成语-algia
suffix denoting "pain," from Gk. algos "pain," algein "to feel pain," of unknown origin. Related to alegein "to care about," originally "to feel pain."
-amide
also amide, in chemical u, 1850, denoting a compound obtained by replacing one hydrogen atom in ammonia with an element or radical, from Fr. amide, from am(monia) + -ide; coined by French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884).
-an
suffix meaning "pertaining to," from L. -anus, in some cas via Fr. -ain, -en.
-ance
suffix attached to verbs to form abstract nouns of process or fact (convergence from converge), or of state or quality (abnce from abnt); ultimately from L. -antia and -entia, which depended on the vowel in the stem word. As Old French evolved from Latin, the were leveled to -ance, but later French borrowings from Latin (some of them subquently pasd to English) ud the appropriate Latin form of the ending, as did words borrowed by English directly from Latin (diligence, abnce).
English thus inherited a confud mass of words from French and further confud it since c.1500 by restoring -ence lectively in some forms of the words to conform with Latin. Thus dependant, but independence, etc.
-ancy
suffix denoting quality or state, from L. -antia, forming abstract nouns on pp. adjs. in -antem, appearing in English mostly in words borrowed directly from Latin (tho passing through French usually have -ance or -ence; e -ance).
-ane
in chemical u, propod 1866 by August Wilhelm von Hofmann to go with -ene, -ine, -one.
-ant
agent or instrumental suffix, from O.Fr. and Fr. -ant, from L. -antem, acc. of -ans, prp. suffix of many Latin verbs.
-ar
from L. -arem “of the kind of, belonging to.”
-archy
suffix meaning "rule," from L. -archia, from Gk. -arkhia, from arkhos "leader, chief, ruler," from arkhe "beginning, origin, first place" (e archon).
-ard
also -art, from O.Fr. -ard, -art, from Ger. -hard, -hart "hardy," often forming the cond element in personal names, ud as an intensifier, but in M.H.G. and Du. ud as a pejorative element in common nouns, and thus passing into M.E. in bastard, coward, etc. It thus became a living element in English, e.g. buzzard, drunkard.
-ary
adj
. and n. suffix, in most cas from L. -arius, -arium "connected with, pertaining to, the man engaged in." It appears in words borrowed from Latin in M.E. In later borrowings from Latin to French, it became -aire and pasd into M.E. as -arie, subquently -ary.
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-a
suffix ud in naming enzymes, from ending of diasta.
-aster
suffix expressing incomplete remblance (e.g. poetaster), usually dim. and deprecatory, from Latin, from Gk. -aster, suffix originally forming nouns from verbs ending in -azein, later generalized as a pejorative suffix, e.g. patraster "he who plays the father."
-ate (1)
suffix ud in forming nouns from Latin words ending in -atus, -atum (e.g. estate, primate, nate). Tho that came to English via Old and Middle French often arrived with -at, but an -e was added after c.1400 to indicate the long vowel. The suffix also can mark adjectives formed from Latin past participals in -atus, -ata (e.g. desolate, moderate, parate), again, they often were adopted in M.E. as -at, with an -e appended after c.1400. In chemistry, -ate is ud to form the names of salts from acids in -ic.
-ate (2)
verbal suffix for Latin verbs in -are. O.E. commonly made verbs from adjectives by adding a verbal ending to the word (e.g. gnornian "be sad, mourn," gnorn "sad, depresd"), but as the inflections wore off English words in late O.E. and M.E., there came to be no difference between the adj. and the verb in dry, empty, warm, etc. Accustomed to the identity of adjectival and verbal forms of a word, the English, when they began to expand their Latin-bad vocabulary after c.1500, simply made verbs from Latin past-participial adjectives without changing their form (e.g. aggravate, substantiate) and thus it became the custom that Latin verbs were Anglicized from their past participle stems.
-ation
suffix forming nouns of action; e -tion.
a (1)
indefinite article, mid-12c., a variation of O.E. an (e an) in which the -n- began to disappear before consonants, a process mostly complete by mid-14c. The -n- also was retained before words beginning with a sounded -h- until c.1600; it still is retained by many writers before unaccented syllables in h- or (e)u-, but is now no longer normally spoken as such. The -n- also lingered (especially in southern England dialect) before -w- and -y- through 15c.
a (2)
as in twice a day, etc., from O.E. an "on," in this ca "on each." The n was extended from time to measure, price, place, etc. The habit of tacking a onto a gerund (as in a-hunting we will go) died out 18c.
a capella
1876, earlier alla capella (1847), from It., "in the manner of the chapel," lit. "according to the chapel," from cappella "chapel." Originally in reference to older church music (pre-1600) which was written for unaccompanied voices; applied 20c. to unaccompanied vocal music generally.
a deux
77年今年多大French, à deux, lit. "for two" (e deuce).
a la
from Fr. à la, "in the manner of;" ud
朝花夕拾读后感1000字in English in French terms from fashion or cookery since late 16c.; ud in native formations with English words or names from c.1800 (first attested in Jane Austen).
a la carte
1826, from Fr. à la carte, lit. "by the card" (e card (n.)); in other words, "ordered by parate items." Distinguished from a table d'h?te, meal rved at a fixed, inclusive price.
a la mode
1640s, from Fr. à la mode (15c.), lit. "in the fashion" (e mode (2)). In 17c., sometimes nativized as all-a-mode. Cookery n of a desrt rved with ice cream is 1903, Amer.Eng.
a posteriori
Latin, literally "from what comes after" (e posterior).
a priori
1710, "from cau to effect" (a logical term, in ref. to reasoning), Latin, lit. "from what comes first," fro
m priori, ablative of prior "first" (e prior (adj.)). Ud looly for "in accordance with previous knowledge" (1834).
A&P
U.S. grocery chain, originally The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, founded 1859 by George Huntington Hartford and George Gilman.
a- (1)
in native (derived from O.E.) words, it most commonly reprents O.E. an "on" (e a (2)), as in alive, asleep, abroad, ashore, etc., forming adjectives and adverbs from nouns; but it also can be M.E. of, as in anew, abreast (1590s); or a reduced form of O.E. pp. prefix ge-, as in aware; or the O.E. intens. a-, as in ari, awake, ashame, marking a verb as momentary, a single event. In words from Romanic languages, often it reprents L. ad- "to, at."
[I]t naturally happened that all the a- prefixes were at length confudly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic, or even archaic, and wholly otio. [OED]
a- (2)
prefix meaning "not," from L. a-, short for ab "away from" (cf. avert), or its cognate, Gk. a-, short for apo "away from, from," both cognate with Skt. apa "away from," Goth. af, O.E. of.
a- (3)
prefix meaning "not," from Gk.
