By，Through与With辨析（with by through 区别）
By，Through与With辨析
by, through和with这三个介词都可表示完成某事的方法、力量、手段及媒介。但在用法上却有一些重要区别。
1. by通常直接介绍发生作用或影响的动因——即:(1)表达什么人、什么作用(或力量)造成了某种结果;(2)表达我们做了什么事以取得预期的结果，用法上常与动名词搭配。如:
The streets are lighted by electricity.街道用电照明。
The church was designed by Wren.这座教堂是Wren设计的。
He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。
By adding or changing a suffix，we can change a word from one class to another.通过增加或改变后缀,可以改变一个词的词性。
此外，by还常用来指交通工具(如by bus. by car. by train等)。
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2. through介绍的对象比较间接——(1)常与指人或物的名词一起使用，表示媒介;(2)其后接说明条件或状态的名词及动名词，表示事情发生的原因或方式。例如:
I learned of the position through a newspaper advertiment.
我从一则报纸的厂告获知这个职位。
We heard about it through some friends.
我们从一些朋友们那里听说此事。
The war was lost through bad organization.
由于组织不当，战争失败了。
We lost ourlves through not knowing the way.
竟陵八友我们因不认识路而迷失了。
3. with通常跟无生命的物体一起使用，指具体工具、手段或媒介。例如:
I like to take notes with a pencil.
我喜欢用铅笔作笔记。
The colleges were built with money from kings，queens，religious hous or other sources.
这此学院是靠国王、女王、宗教机构或其它财源的资助建立起来的。
Let's begin with this question.让我们首先谈这个问题。
尊开头的成语The fields were covered with snow. 田野覆盖着积雪。
4.我们通过下面的例子将这一组介词的用法进行概括比较:
(1)by, through 与 with的区别
He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly.
他话说得很乖巧，因而得到了他想要的东西。
He got what he wanted through hard work.
空调十大品牌他努力工作，得到了自己想要的东西。
He got what he wanted with flowers and chocolates.
他靠花束和巧克力糖得到了想要得到的东西。
(2) by与through有时用法相同，可以互换。
He obtained a good position in a government office through/by the agency of friends.
(这里既可以用by the agency of，也可以用through the agency of)
他借助朋友的力量在政府机关里获得了一个很好的职位.
听大悲咒如果介词使用with。这句话应写成:
He obtained a good position in a government office with the help of friends.
(3)注意被动语态中by与with的区别
He was killed by an enemy.
他被敌人杀死了。(敌人是动作的使动者)
He was killed with an arrow. (someone ud an arrow to kill him.) 再见孙悟空
他被人用箭射死。
综上所述，可以看出。文章开始提到的汉译英句子中，介词使through比较确切，它与
每下愈况2(2)中的解释相符合。当然，我们也可以使by，参照1(2)的用法，将句子改成:
The basketball payer acquired his flexibility of body by exercising constantly.
红苕但此处使用with是不合适的，因为exerci不是“获得身体灵活性”所使用的具体工
具或媒介.
