“怕”的多种表达法
【摘要】本文归纳了中学英语中“怕”的多种表达法。
【Abstract】In this paper, the wrier has concluded more than one way for expressing the word “afraid”.
【Keywords】Word Phra Sentence
语言是丰富多彩的。那么,在中学英语中怎样表达“怕”呢?笔者仔细查阅中学英语教科书,现归纳并拓展如下:
1.表“怕辣椒炒鸡蛋的做法”的形容词。
1.1 同义词:afraid, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, frightened(受惊的,受恐吓的), scared(害怕的), scary, horrendous, horrific, terrible, awful(令人畏惧的,可怕的), dire(可怕的), terrified(社会行动恐惧的,受惊吓的), terror-stricken, panic-stricken; panicky: nightmarish, etc.
治感冒姜汤的做法
1.2 近义词:shy, timid, timorous, shrinking bashful, coy, diffident(羞怯的), cowardly(胆小的), nervous ,ten, inten, strained(紧张的); anxious, worried, apprehensive(担心的,忧惧的), concerned, upt(外地车能进上海吗担忧的)etc.
1.3 反义词:unafraid ,fearless, brave, courageous, bold, daring, etc.
短语:
2.表“怕”的动词。scare , fear, frighten, terrify, dread(红色英雄故事使…害怕,吓唬); threaten(威胁); panic; shrink(畏缩), get into a panic/be thrown into a panic/be ized with fear(惊慌失措), cry out(因恐怖等)大喊大叫, jump ,shake颤抖, quake颤抖, shiver发抖, tremble发抖, freeze(毛骨悚然), blanch(因惧怕等)使(面部)苍白,have cold feet, etc.
短语:
to fear sb./ sth怕…,
to scare/ frighten /terrify / dread/ panic sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事/
to scare/ frighten /terrify / dread/ panic sb. out of (doing) sth吓得某人不敢做某事
to scare/ frighten sb./sth away/off把某人/某物吓走
to scare sb. stiff把某人吓呆
to frighten/scare/ terrify sb. to death / to frighten sb. out of one’s wits把某人吓死
to fear to do sth/ doing sth不敢做/ that担心; to fear for sb./sth对…担忧或关心
to dread doing sth/ /that
3.表“怕”的名词。terror, horror, panic ,fright ,threat,fear,scare,coward,nightmare, dread; apprehension(s); -phobia(恐惧症), etc.
be filled with apprehension(s)充满恐惧
4.表“怕”的介词短语。
in terror/dread/fear of,
with horror/fright,
in (a) fright,
in (a) panic,
in a fearful state/condition/mess, etc.
5.与“怕”相关的成语。
①胆小如鼠:
as timid as a rabbit(兔子)
as timorous as a hare(野兔)/lou(虱子)
相反的比喻:
as brave as a lion 勇如雄狮
as bold as a lion/badger虎胆包天
②魂不附体:
be frightened out of one’梦想的歌s wits
be afraid of one’s own shadow
be frightened as if the soul had left the body
the soul almost left one’s body with fright
③毛骨悚然:
make one’s hair stand on end;
make one’s blood run cold
make one’s flesh creep
be terrified with one’s hair standing on end;
④无忧无虑:
free from care
without a single worry
have no worry in the world
free from all anxieties
⑤视死如归:
look upon death as nothing
look death calmly in the face of…
defy death
face death unflinchingly
⑥打草惊蛇:
frighten away thieves by raising a scare
wake a sleeping wolf
beat the grass and startle the snake
……
6.含有“怕”的名言与谚语。
①“Nothing in life is to be feared .It is only to be understood.” —Marie Curie
生活中没有什么可怕的东西,只有需要理解的东西。—玛丽·居里
②一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。
A burnt child dreads the fire.
Once bitten, twice shy.
③He that fears every bush must never go a-birding. 疑神疑鬼,绝无收获。
④He, who fears to suffer, suffers from fear. 怕吃苦头的,反因怕而吃苦头。
⑤初生牛犊不怕虎。
The more wit, the less courage.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
……
7.有关“怕”的一句多译。例如:
①我害怕蛇。
I am afraid of snakes.
= I am frightened of snakes.
= I am scared of snakes.
=I am terrified of snakes
=I am fearful of snakes.
=I am timid of snakes.
=I fear snakes.
=I dread snakes.
=I am in fear of snakes.三畏
=I am in dread of snakes.
= I have a fear of snakes.
= I have a horror of snakes.
=Snakes make me afraid/frightened.
脾湿热
=Snakes would give me a scare.
=Snakes would give me the horrors.
≈I am terrified at the thought of snakes.
≈I will scare at the sight of snakes.
≈I would shake/quake with fear/fright when I saw snakes.
≈I would be frightened to death if I saw snakes.
≈Seeing snakes, I am as timid as a rabbit/ a hare.
…
②她害怕这狗会咬人。
She was afraid that the dog would bite.
