1. stylistics Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners / linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels.
民族文化的重要性2. style Manner indicating prominent linguistic features, devices or patterns, most (or least) frequently occur in a particular text of a particular variety of language.
3. register语域
Registers are language variations that are associated with the different u to which they are put. Such varieties do not depend on the people who u the language, but on the occasion when it is ud.
the type of language which is lected as appropriate to a type of situation.
4. field of discour
Field of discour is the linguistic reflection of the purposive role of the language ur, --the type of social activity the language ur is engaged in doing in the situation in which the text has occurred. That is to say, the language the ur us will show what his/her language is 'about', what experience he/she is verbalizing, what is 'going on' in the speech event.
5. tenor of discour TENOR OF DISCOURSE is the linguistic reflection of the personal relationships between speaker/writer and hearer/reader—called PERSONAL TENOR(个人基调), and of what the ur is trying to do with language for/to his or her addre (s) -- called FUNCTIONAL TENOR（功能基调）.
6. mode of discour
MODE OF DISCOURSE is the linguistic reflection of the relationship that the language ur has to the medium of communication.
7. foregrounding Foregrounding, giving unusual prominence to one element or property of a text, relative to other less noticeable aspects. According to the theories of Russian Formalism, literary works are special by virtue of the fact that they foreground their own linguistic status, thus drawing attention to how they say something rather than to what they say: poetry ‘deviates’ from everyday speech and from pro by using meter, surprising metaphors, alliteration, and other devices by which its language draws attention to itlf.
8. deviation
Deviation : a variation that deviates from the standard or norm;
主人的英文
the breaking of normal rules of linguistic structure;
violation of the norms;
Departure from general order
9. loo ntence松散句
A ntence that completes the main thought well before the end is called loo ntence, which often occurs in conversations or informal writings.
10. periodic ntence掉尾句A periodic ntence is a ntence which suspends the completion of the main thought until(near) the end.
小石潭记柳宗元
卡通小鱼图片11. Gobbledygook官样文章
Bureaucratic writings are often referred to as “gobbledygook” , becau they are written in an obscure and complex style, which to some extent may help to impress, to mislead or deceive the public.
12. accessibility, Accessibility means whether a piece of language is easy to understand for the addre. As the language becomes more formal, more impersonal, more
specialized in certain subject matter, it tends to become less accessible to the ordinary reader or listener.
13. impersonality
Impersonality reflects the extent to which the producer of a text avoids reference to himlf/herlf or to the reader.
14. degrees of formality
Formality refers to the way in which the style or tone of language will vary in appropriateness according to the social context. The degrees of formality are determined by the role relationships, number of hearers, and contexts of situation, such as a public lecture, church rvice, cocktail party, and so on.
15. politeness
Politeness refers to
夏侯惇和夏侯渊(1) How languages expresd the social distance between the speakers and their different role-relationships;
(2) How face-work, that is, the attempt to establish, maintain, and save face during conversation, is carried out in a speech community.
16. iamb抑扬格
It has a pattern alternating stresd and unstresd syllables beginning with an unstresd syllable.
17. trochee扬抑格 Trochee or trochaic foot may be described as alternating stresd and unstresd syllables, beginning with a stresd syllable.
宏病毒专杀18.meter 格律 Metre （格律，韵律）refers to an organized pattern of strong and weak syllables.
19. Foot （音步）refers to the span of stresd and unstresd syllables that form a rhythmical pattern. 罐头怎么打开
20. fog index迷雾指数The fog index is commonly ud to confirm that text can be read easily by the intended audience.
Fog index = 0.4(L+H)
L=the average ntence length in a passage
甲鱼是乌龟吗H= the percentage of hard words in the passage
Texts for a wide audience generally need a fog index less than 12.
Texts requiring near-universal understanding generally need an index less than 8.
