摘要
abab词语大全语言与性别研究一直是语言学家关注的重要课题，国内外诸多的语言学家都对语言中性别歧视这一现象进行了深入研究。语言是现实社会的一面镜子，能够真实地反映这种社会习俗及价值观念，而作为语言中的精华——谚语更是浓缩了文化的内涵。本文以女权主义为视角，侧重于对性别歧视在英语谚语中的现象进行研究。
本文首先结合国内外学者对语言中性别歧视这一现象的研究，并结合这些研究探讨英语谚语中性别歧视现象，指出谚语与性别歧视的含义与特点；再从性格、言行、才智、婚嫁、地位等五个方面指出性别歧视在英语谚语中的具体表现；然后从历史、社会、文化三个不同的角度分析了性别歧视在英语谚语中形成的根源，通过对谚语的分析揭示语言中对女性的歧视，从而提高人们关于性别歧视的意识，帮助人们减少，继而消除在日常生活以及语言中的性别歧视现象；最后指出性别歧视在英语谚语中的发展趋势。
关键词：英语谚语；性别歧视；表现；根源；发展趋势
浸沉
ABSTRACT
蒸粉丝的做法The language rearch in relation to gender has remained on the important topic in linguistics. Lots of linguists who show interest in this field have done many deep and profound rearches. Language, a mirror of the real world, could give us a reflection of social customs and values. And the proverbs, the esnce of language, are actually a concentration of culture. The thesis aims at specializing in x discrimination reflected in the English proverbs from the feminist perspective.
Combined with some rearches on xism in English proverbs by scholars home and abroad, the thesis firstly points out the meanings and features of proverbs and xism. And then the thesis explains the manifestations of xism through a study of the proverbs applied in English from five aspects: character, words and deeds, ability and wisdom, marriage and social status. Then the thesis has also investigated into the caus of xism from three aspects: history, culture, society. Through the rearch on English proverbs, the thesis tries to reveal the x bias against women in language, and find out solutions to help people reduce and eliminate the xism in the daily expressions. Finally, the thesis points out the development trend of xism in English proverbs. Keywords：English proverbs; xism; manifestation; caus; development trend
Contents
1. Introduction (1)
2. Definitions of proverb and xism (4)
2.1 Definition of proverb (4)
2.1.1 Meaning of proverb (4)
2.1.2 Features of proverb (4)
2.2 Definition of xism (6)
2.2.1 Meaning of xism (6)
2.2.2 Features of xism (6)
3. Manifestations of xism in English proverbs (7)
3.1 Manifestations of xism in the proverbs about character (7)
3.2 Manifestations of xism in the proverbs about words and deeds (8)
3.3 Manifestations of xism in the proverbs about ability and wisdom (8)
3.4 Manifestations of xism in the proverbs about marriage (9)
3.5 Manifestations of xism in the proverbs about social status (10)
4. Caus of xism in the English proverbs (11)天津卫视主持人
4.1 Historical reasons (11)
4.2 Cultural origin (11)
4.3 Social factors (12)
绯雨倾城5. Development trend of xism in the English proverbs (14)大衣英语
6. Conclusion (15)偶一为之
Acknowledgements (16)迎春花的养殖方法和注意事项
References (17)
1. Introduction
American linguist Edward Spair once said: “Language is a guide to social reality.”
[1]. Language, a mirror of the society, loyally reflects not only a nation’s history and culture, but also beliefs and bias. Language and gender is a popular issue in the area of sociolinguistics. Sex discrimination exists in English speaking communities. Therefore, we can find xism here and there in English.
Denmark linguist O.JesPern is the first one to study xism from the angle of linguistics. In 1923, his book named Development and Structure of English had ever pointed out that English was the most masculine language all over the world. In 1960, as an interdisciplinary subject of linguistics and sociology, sociolinguistics formed and developed fast in USA. The d evelopment of West Women’s Liberation and Feminism studies as well as development of sociolinguistics promoted xist language studies to a certain extent. Some scholars thought that a kind of new linguistics about equality between men and women appeared. The linguists, Lakoff, Trudgi, KZimmerman, West, Thonle, Henle and Bolinger taken as reprentatives in the period between 70s and 80s, did further studies on xism and discusd the caus of xism in language. In his article Language and Wo
men’s Place, Lakoff pointed out that in the world expresd by the language, the male was in the center and the female’s image was incomplete [2]. Bolinger, in his book, said that this was a phenomenon of xism in language. Some other scholars such as Lakoff, tried to u all scientific knowledge to describe linguistics.
D.Bolinger, published his books Aspects of Language in 1965 and Language: the Loaded Weapon in 1980, which provided some points for the study of xism [3]. In 1973, R.Lakoff, published his book Language and Women’s Place, which elaborated on women’ social place and xism in language. From the end of 80s to 90s, linguists such as J.Holmes, J.Coates, D.Cameron, M.R.Key, did further studies on differences of xist language. Their studies emphasized the forms of men and women’s terms.
In our country, the study on xist language is very late, which began from the end of 70s or the beginning of 80s. With the development of Feminist movement, Chine scholars gradually switch their study to that of xism. A lot of articles are published on various periodicals, such as Wang Wenchang’s Chairman or Chairperson―American Women's Movement and Reform of Language. The scholars are the first ones to discuss the influences of xism on language, especially on English from the
perspective of Western Feminist movement. In other words, they begin the study on differences of xist language. Up to the end of 80s, compared with tho studies of xism in language in the western countries, Chine scholars pay their attention to differences of x. They obrve and study differences of men and women’s term from the angle of intonation, tone and lexicon. Sun Rujian published his book Sex and Language[4] and Bai Jiehong published Sexist Language and Linguistics, which elaborated on the study on xist language from the angle of social psychology and pragmatics [5]. Qin Xiubai discusd xist language from the angle of history, society and culture, and provided a new angle of studying xist language for us in her article published on Modern Foreign Languages [6]. Kong Qingcheng objectively analyzed a phenomenon of xism existing both in English and Chine in his article [7]. Zhuang Hecheng, a very famous linguist who published Sexism in English Lexicon, discusd xism in English from the aspect of lexicon [8]. Chen Lin published her article Sexism in English Advertiment to put xism into a different aspect to study its character. The field of the rearches is broader than before, which makes other linguists grasp the relationship between language and xism more accurately [9].
The proverb, a special form of language, is a kind of idiom. It is very popular among the people, and contains very deep implication in ntences. It is also a kind of folk literature. The proverb is human
being’s crystal of wisdom, and embodiment of conci language. The proverb is always iconically co mpared to “clea r mirror of a nation”and “living fossil of language” by linguists. Among the rearches of xism in English proverbs, linguists mostly study the definition of xism and proverb, xism reflected in proverbs, its origin and tendency. In 2000, Xu Zhixng, Li Lifang and Li Liming wrote an essay Sexism in English Proverbs. They said that people put women at a very low position, and linked them with some bad habits [10]. For instance, they thought women were very stupid and loved to gossip. In their essay, they also talked about tendency of xism in English language. Then A Probe into the Caus of Sexism in English Proverbs was written by Yang Qing, Yu Xiangyue in 2003. They put a lot of emphasis on the caus of xism. Their paper probed into the caus of xism from the three aspects: historical reasons, cultural origin and social factors. It was thought that the phenomenon indirectly reflected women’s social status in different periods of social development and had clo relations with women’s status and its changes [11]. In 2005, Zhang Lin, Liu Wanqiu published an article Sex Discrimination in English Proverbs, which analyzed the phenomenon of x discrimination in English proverbs in the five aspects of character, words and deeds, ability and wisdom, marriage
