高中英语被动语态讲解
1、科学定律被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化赏茶
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2） has /have been done 现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have
been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here．
4） was/were done 一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I
should reject the offer.
5） had been done 过去完成时
例 By the end of last year, another new
gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 过去进行时
求职面试技巧例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done
be going to be done
be about to be done/ be to be done一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory
clos.
数学分数8） should\would be done
was\were going to be done
was\were about to be done
was\were to be done过去将来时
例The news would be nt to the soldier's
mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
11 鱿鱼的营养价值)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
12） 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
13） It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如
believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppo, think等
315消费保>染发注意事项
可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”
或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has pasd the national exam.
（＝The boy is said to have pasd the national exam. ）
被动语态中的时态应与主动语态中的时态一致（见上面的例证）。假如主动语态中的时态是进行式，应特别注意；被动语态中的进行式要用be-ing。例如：
主动句：Mr．Smith is writing a new story－book．史密斯先生正写一本新故事。
被动句：A new stor－book is being written by Mr．Smith．新故事正由史密斯先生来写。
主动句：The workers are repairing the
bridge．工人们正在修桥。
被动句：The bridge is being repaired by
主动句变为被动句
（一）主动语态变为被动语态，要把主动语态句中的宾语为为被动语态句中的主语；主动句中的主语在被动句中作介词“by”的宾语，构成由“by”引起的短语（这个短语在不强调施
动者时可以省略）；主动句中的主语也可作其他介词（如“in”）的宾语，构成地点状语。例如：
主动句：My father wrote the book．我父亲写了这本书。
被动句：The book was written by my father．这本书是我父亲写的
主动句：Our village has built a plastic factory．我们村已经建了一座塑料厂。
被动句：A plastic factory has been built in our village．一座塑料厂在我们村建成了。
（二）如果主动语态句中有直接宾语和间接宾语，变为被动语态时，有两种变化：把指人的间接宾语作被动句中的主语，并将此宾格人称代词变为主格人称代词，而指物的直接宾语保留不变；或将指物的直接宾语变为被动句中的主语，间接宾语保留不变。如果间接宾语作保留宾语，其前可用介词to。例如：神话故事哪吒闹海
主动句：He gave me a dictionary．他给了我一本词典。
被动句：I was given a dictionary by him．
被动句：A dictionary was given（to）me by him．词典是他给我的。
主动句：He teaches us English．他教我们英语。
被动句：We are taught English by him．
被动句：English is taught（to）us by him．英语是他教我们的。
（三）如果主动语态句中的宾语是人称代词宾格，宾格补语是一个名词的话，变为被动语态时，应把宾语改作主动句的主语，而宾语补语保留不变。例如：
主动句：We made him our group leader．我们让他当了我们组长。
被动句：He was made our group leader．他被选为我们的组长。
主动句：They cho Mr．Li their doctor in 1987．1987年他们选李先生当他的医生。
被动句：Mr．Li was chon their doctor in 1987．1987年李先生被选为他们的医生。
（三）带有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，复合宾语的一部分（宾语）成为主语，剩下
的部分（宾语补语）就成为主语补语，它们多为不定式、分词，也可以是名词和形容词。在e，make，feel，watch，hear，notice，help，have等动词后的复合宾语中，如果宾语补语是动词不定式，则不定式to须省略。但在被动句中作主语补语的不定式必须有to。例如：
主动句：We saw him enter the classroom．我们看见他进了教室。
被动句：He was en to enter the
classroom．他被看见走进了教室。
主动句：He made the boy sit down．他使那孩子坐下。
