网络学习与教学系统设计外文文献翻译
(含：英文原文及中文译文)
英文原文
Designing E-learning Systems in Medical Education: A Ca Study
低温回火
Dr. Ahmed. I. Albarrak
Abstract
The continuous and fast advances in information technology have led to a significant change in the learning environment, and the creation of a new learning model where traditional learning is mixed with information technology tools to provide learners with an environment that enable them to freely choo their learning material wherever they are, share their comments and questions with their colleagues and teachers, and asss the knowledge they gained. In medical education, there are veral challenges facing the design and implementation of such a system. The challenges include the huge and diver amount of information that must be added in e-education systems, as well as the lack of information technology skills between students, and in some cas between instructors. King Saud Uni
versity is one of the leading universities in the region which aims to implement the most advanced technologies to provide its students with all the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in their fields. King Saud University hospitals have started the process of establishing a medical e-learning system containing the most up-to-date
components in this field. This paper introduces the model and the system ud by King Saud University Hospitals to integrate e-learning elements into the educational activities to form a blended learning environment where the students can utilize all sources of knowledge to improve their learning process, as well as the challenges faced during the design pha and how they were confronted.
Key words: e-learning, networks, teaching platform
1. Introduction
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For ages, Education has been centered on attending class day after day, listening to a lecturer who provides the necessary information, and going through exams to asss knowledge. Education focud on the material itlf rather than the "learners" and the differences between their capabilities and learning skills [1].
The continuous and rapid advancement in information technology and communications led to the evolution of the E-learning environment. E-learning systems are educational systems that utilize information technology resources such as the Internet, networking, and multimedia applications to enhance the learning process. E-learning environments focus on the "learner" instead of the material itlf. They allow the learners to study at their own pace according to their capabilities, communicate with colleagues and teachers through discussion groups and video conferencing, and asss themlves through online tests.
肺下界移动度桂花树的作文E-learning environments provide the learners with the flexibility of studying regardless of their location, and time zone [2].
张爱玲散文《迟暮》
E-learning systems are usually ud in distant learning enabling students in different continents to obtain graduate and post graduate degrees. E-learning systems can also be ud in conjunction with traditional learning (blended or integrated learning) [3] to expand the resources available for students, and help them focus on their learning objectives. E-learning systems have greatly expanded in recent years. In 2005, about 3.2 million students had one or more online cour in the United States [4]. A growing number of universities across the world are now offering many cours that require either no or very little student attendance. E-learning is expected to grow even more with
the growth of the Internet and information technology infra-structure.
E-learning systems can be divided into four major components [5]; the infra-structure which is responsible for transferring the learning material, as well as providing the physical storage for this material; the learning management system (LMS) which integrates all rvices for managing teaching and learning activities; the learning content management system (LCMS) provides rvices for managing content; and the t of tools responsible for distributing content and providing interaction functions. The information content provided is organized in containers called "learning objects" which provide, in addition to the
content itlf, some descriptive data about the content (meta-data) that facilitates the retrieval of this content.
Becau of the great importance of e-learning in modern education, and its role in improving the students' performance [6], King Saud University Hospitals (KSUHS) started to implement a modern e-learning system containing the state-of-art e-learning components. The built system will be ud to assist and support the current systems and to provide the students with the tools to manage their cours, and asss their knowledge. KSUHS reprent the college of medicine, college of dental m
edicine, King Khaled University Hospital (KKUH), King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), and King Fahd Cardiology Center (KFCC). The number of students in the colleges is over two thousands, and the number of college staff is over four hundred. The infra-structure in King Saud University (KSU) consists of a 100 Mbps intranet connecting the campus colleges and KKUH together, and a 32 Mbps microwave link connecting the campus to KAUH. The main functions of the hospitals are education, medical rearch, and providing medical rvices to the public. According to the Saudi traditions, male and female students are parated in class education but not in practice. The university academic environment encourages the students to do rearch, and tries to provide them with the necessary tools like skill labs, and anatomy and physiology software packages. 1.
Requirements of the E-learning system:
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The requirements of the e-learning system can be divided into three categories, general requirements, medical e-learning requirements, and KSUHS requirements.
合同授权委托书General requirements:
In order for any e-learning system to be successful, it must have some features including flexibility, w
hich allows the system to adapt to the capabilities and goals of every student [7]; ea of u, which allows the learner to focus on the material itlf rather than focusing on how to u the system [7]; interactivity [8], where the learners can interact with each other and with their teachers through video conferencing or discussion boards; and solid infrastructure to support the system and provide the learners with easy and fast access to the system.
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Medical requirements:
The nature of medical education adds some requirements to the e-learning system [9]. Some subjects like anatomy and physiology require the students to be able to identify and understand the function of different parts of the body, other subjects like tho involving practical medicine require the students to identify symptoms, and examine the patient history. It is not enough to provide the learner with text books and lectures, the learners need to have more details and clarity in order to understand medical subjects well. Therefore, medical e-learning systems must be
