月亮圆
外文文献翻译
处女座幸运数字(含：英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处：Jens Claun, Birgit Blättel-Mink2, Lorenz Erdmann, Christine Henling . Contribution of Online Trading of Ud Goods to Resource Efficiency: An Empirical Study of eBay Urs [J]. Sustainability, 2010, 2: 10-30.
英文原文
Contribution of Online Trading of Ud Goods to Resource Efficiency:
An Empirical Study of eBay Urs
Jens Claun, Birgit Blättel-Mink , Lorenz Erdmann and Christine
商鞅变法的目的
Henling
Abstract
This paper discuss the sustainability impact (contribution to sustainability, reduction of adver en
vironmental impacts) of online cond-hand trading. A survey of eBay urs shows that a relationship between the trading of ud goods and the protection of natural resources is hardly realized. Secondly, the environmental motivation and the willingness to act in a sustainable manner differ widely between groups of consumers. Given the results from a ur perspective, the paper tries to find some objective hints of online cond-hand trading’s environmental impact. The greenhou gas emissions resulting from the energy ud for the trading transactions em to be considerably lower than the emissions due to the (avoided) production of new goods. The paper concludes with a t of recommendations for cond-hand trade and
环卫工人节
consumer policy. Information about the sustainability benefits of purchasing cond-hand goods should be included in general consumer information, and arguments for changes in behavior should be targeted to different groups of consumers.
Keywords: online marketplaces; online auctions; consumer; electronic commerce; ud products; cond-hand market; sustainable consumption 1. Introduction
Online auction and trading platforms are increasing the opportunities for sustainable consumption. The potential of online bad cond-hand trading lies largely in the opportunity to extend the life sp
支付宝怎么绑定银行卡an of products, thereby avoiding additional environmental stress due to the purcha of new goods. To date, private houholds often failed to exploit the potentials for reusing products becau of high transaction costs. Trade in cond-hand goods remained limited to regional markets. The barriers frequently prevented local and regional ud goods markets from attaining critical mass and becoming attractive for both buyers and llers. In recent years, however, rapidly increasing u of the Internet and trading platforms, such as eBay, have fundamentally transformed the underlying conditions of such markets.
Online markets have not only significantly incread the numbers of market participants; they have also changed the roles traditionally assigned to consumers and producers. Exchange sites, auction platforms浮组词
and other Internet-bad trading models where urs are not merely buyers, but at the same time, also active llers of products or rvices, have shifted the role of consumers.
出发作文
Against this background, this article examines consumption process using the example of eBay, the world’s largest online trading platform for ud goods, by focusing on the following question: Which sustainability potentials are connected with the electronic trading of ud goods, and how can
the potentials be exploited? This question lies in the center of the rearch project ―From Consumer to Prosumer—Development of new trading mechanisms and auction cultures to promote sustainable consumption.‖ The project is intentionally linked with various streams of rearch and insights, especially concerning the intensification of u, lifestyle rearch, and life-cycle asssment, in the fields of information technology and telecommunications, and integrates them from the perspective of the rearch guiding question.
After giving an overview of the scientific work on environmental attitudes and behavior in the context of internet bad ud goods trading, and an empirical look on internet usage in Chapter 2, the empirical results of an online survey on online trading and sustainability are prented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 draws conclusions from the empirical study and Chapter 5 focus on the ecological asssment of ud goods trading.
The paper concludes with some remarks on the conquences of cond-hand trade, online platforms, and consumer policy.
音体美2. Internet-Bad Ud Goods Trading from a Subjective Perspective
Sustainability rearchers in the social sciences assume that environmentally-oriented behavior is s
upported to a non-negligible degree by positive attitudes toward the environment and by knowledge about the environment [1-7]. Time and again, however, reprentative surveys of the population provide evidence for a discrepancy between concern about increasing environmental devastation and its conquences, as well as knowledge about the environment on the one hand, and environmental behavior that is in line with such knowledge on the other. It is possible to identify groups of individuals who display environmentally-friendly behavior, but not the corresponding attitudes toward the environment (e.g., older single women), just as there are groups of individuals who display a high degree of ecological awareness, but who behavior is nonetheless not consistently environmentally oriented (e.g., families who environmentally-friendly behavior is organized to the hilt, but who still drive a family car). Three bundles of characteristics that influence the sustainability of styles of consumption have emerged in the rearch [8]: the houhold’s social situation (socio-demographic characteristics and time resources), consumer preferences (subjective preferences relating to the lection of products
and behaviors), and actual consumption behavior. Socio-demographic characteristics that substantially influence differences in terms of sustainable consumption patterns include age, educational level, gender, marital status, and income, with women, well educated people, and parents striving for consistency of attitudes and behavior.
Grunenberg and Kuckartz [1] were able to identify the group they called the ―environmentally committed‖ in their study, which was reprentative for Germany. ―[A group] that takes e nvironmental problems more riously and is actively committed to solving them. Entirely consistent pro-environment behavior is not demanded of this group; that would require, for example, that the individuals would not just eat exclusively organically-grown food, but would also ll their cars and take bicycling vacations.‖ (Grunenberg/Kuckartz, p. 204 [1]). The following indicators were ud to define the group of environmentally-committed individuals: membership in an organization promoting conrvation or environmental protection; donation to such an organization in the previous year; familiarity with the term ―sustainable development;‖ high willingness to pay for improved environmental protection; frequenting of information about environmental problems from specialist periodicals; environmental mentality type 1 (motto: ―Be a role model when it comes to environmental protection!‖); declared shared responsibility for environmental protection (statement: ―It isn’t difficult
