翻译技巧 2 省略法
省略法：指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中 是不言而喻的。
应遵循的原则：减词不减意
一、从语法角度进行省略
1.1 冠词的省略
例 1: The proton has a positive charge and the electron a negative charge, but the neutron has neither.
例 2:A camel is much inferior to an elephant in strength.
1.2 代词的省略
① 人称代词的省略
a. 英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时常
常可以省略。
例 1: Whether the laws are good or bad, they cannot complain, they cannot question, they cannot suggest changes.
例 2: But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.
b. 泛指的英语人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略。
例 1: We live and learn.
例 2: Gas leakage will cau a fire, hence you have to take care.
②反身代词的省略
例 1: How do atoms arrange themlves in a solid?
工作调离简短感言>削弱的反义词1.3 it的省略
① 非人称代词 it的省略
非人称代词 it 在句中作主语时实际上是个虚词，并不指代上下文中具体的事物，一般用于 表示自然现象、时间、距离、环境及一般情况等。汉译时，常将这一非人称代词 it 省略， 作为无主句。
例 1: Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
例 2: It is 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
②先行代词 it的省略
先行代词 it 主要作用是充当语法规则所要求的形式主语或形式宾语。它本身也是个虚词， 没有具体的词汇意义，因此汉译时往往省略。
It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.
③强调句中的 it 的省略
赵州桥课文例: It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.
It is the U.S that is distorting and perverting the “Geneva spirit” .
1.4 介词的省略
①表示时间的介词经常可省略
例 1:The space shuttle will return to earth on next Monday as scheduled.
②表示地点的介词常可省略
例: Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country.
③其他介词的省略
例 1: The products produced by this factory are good in quality and low in price.
1.5 省略连词
①省略并列连词
例 1: He looked gloomy and troubled.
例 2: This machine has worked in succession for ven or eight hours.
②从属连词的省略
a.省略表示原因的连词
例 1: We knew spring was coming as we had en a robin.
例 2: He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text.
b.省略表示条件的连词
例 1: If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
伪卫星例 2：If you write to him, the respon would be absolute silence and void.nba哈登
例 3: “You’ve got to be careful of the Eastern lawyers. If you are not careful, they’ll take you and turn you inside out.”
人生必看电影我的心爱之物作文500字c. 省略表示时间的连词
例: John ro gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.
省略其他连词
A wi man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.
６、省略动词
① 一些联系动词的省略
英语中最重要的联系动词 be用作谓语时，本身并无具体的动作含义，汉译时往往省略。至 于其它联系动词，如 get, become等，若其含义在译文中已经得到体现，也可省译。
例 1：She is very fond of speaking ill of others.
计量是什么意思例 2: Newspapers, magazines and broadcasts are subject to censorship in that country.
例 3：Mr. Binley was goodlooking and gentlemanlike.
②一些动词与具有动作含义的名词搭配时可省略
例 1: The power plant gives factories its constant supply of electricity.
二、从修辞的角度进行省略
2.1 同义词语的省略
英语中有时为了强调或对某一概念加以解释，经常采取同义词语连用的手法。汉译时，这
些同义词语有些可分别译出，有些则译法相同。为了避免重复，往往需要将译法相同的同 义词语省略。
例 1: To our knowledge, advertiments and commercials do many important things for society.
例 2:Electrons revolve about the nucleus, or center of an atom.
例 3: Sunday is the day when I am least busy.
2.2 英语句子中有些短语重复出现，汉译时可按情况作适当省略。
例 1: University applicants who had worked at a job receive preference over tho who had not.
例 2: Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me.
2.3 根据汉语习惯省略可有可无的词
例 1: In twelve Yan’ an years the Chine Communists had fitted themlves to the land, the rhythm of its asons, the mood of its peasants.
例 2:There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.
