裕兴新概念英语第⼆册笔记第⼆⼗⼋课
单词学习
rare
1) adj. 稀有的,罕见的,不寻常的(rarer, rarest)
not often happening or en, unusual
eg. He is a rare person. 他是个少见的⼈。
a rare book 珍本
a rare plant 珍稀植物
a rare butterfly ⼀只罕见的蝴蝶
a rare visitor 稀客
a rare edition 珍藏本
It is rare + for (sb) + to do sth 某⼈很少做某事
eg. It is rare for him to be abnt. 他很少缺席。
2) adj. (⽓体等)稀薄的,稀疏的 thin
the rare air of the mountains ⼭⾥的稀薄空⽓
3)adj. 半熟的,煮得嫩的
I’d like my steak rare, plea.我要的⽜排要三、四分熟。half-done 半熟
well-done 全熟
rarity ['re?r?ti:] n. [c] 珍品,奇事 [u] 稀有
rareness n. [u] (空⽓等)稀薄,稀有
rarely adv. 不常(否定含义) not often, ldom
I rarely eat in restaurants. I often cook mylf.
我很少到饭店⾥吃。我⼀般都是⾃⼰做。
ancient adj. 古代的,古⽼的
old adj. ⽼的,旧的,先前的
an old lady ⼀个⽼太太
an old church ⼀个古⽼的教堂
an old friend ⽼朋友
my old job 我以前的⼯作
nior ['si:nj?] adj. 较年长的,资深的←→junior ['d?u:nj?] adj.年少的,较年幼的;资历较浅的,地位较低的
nior citizen ⽼⼈,退休的⼈
the nior partner ⼤股东
aged adj. (正式)年⽼的,体衰的(⼈)
an aged gentleman ⼀位⽼⼈
ancient adj. (仅物)远古的,古代的
an ancient civilization 古代⽂明
an ancient history 古代历史
antique [?n'ti:k] adj. (仅物)古旧的,珍贵的
antique furniture 古董家具
an antique coin 古钱币
myth n. 神话
尤指与某⼀民族早期历史或信仰有关,或解释⾃然现象的故事。the Greek myths 希腊神话
the Roman myths 罗马神话
legend ['led??nd] n. 传奇,传说
Legend in the Fall《秋天的传说》
story n. 故事/ tale
novel ⼩说
folk-tale [‘f?ukteil]民间传说
fable n. 寓⾔
Aesop’s ['i:s?p] Fables 伊索寓⾔
mystery ['mist?ri] n. 神秘的事物,谜,秘密
the mysteries of nature 神秘感
an air of mystery 神秘的⽓氛
mythical ['m?θ?k?l] adj. 神话的,神话式的,虚构的
mythical heroes 神话中的英雄
trouble
1) n. ⿇烦
have trouble with sb / sth 与…有摩擦
eg. Yesterday I had some trouble with a traffic policeman.
昨天我和⼀个交警有点摩擦。
eg. Jasper White had trouble with cars and their owners.
贾斯伯怀特和⼀些车以及车主有点摩擦。
eg. Thank you for your trouble. 谢谢你费神。
eg. No trouble at all. 哪⼉的话,不⿇烦。
2) n. 困难,苦恼,苦恼的原因,⿇烦的⼈
eg. What’s the trouble? 怎么了?
family troubles 家庭纠纷
恭人political troubles 政治纠纷
eg. Her heart was full of troubles. 她⾮常苦恼。
have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难,有⿇烦
have some trouble in doing sth 做某事有⼀定的难度
have great trouble in doing sth 做某事有很⼤的难度
have a little trouble in doing sth做某事有⼀点困难
(原讲课内容为:have little trouble in doing sth有误,现已改正)have no trouble in doing sth 做某事没有困难have difficulty in doing sth
eg. With my help, you won’t have trouble in driving.
有我帮忙,你开车不会有困难的。
ask for trouble ⾃讨苦吃 look for trouble
片刻的近义词be in trouble 有⿇烦
make trouble 惹⿇烦
The trouble is …糟糕的是,问题在于……
3) v. 使某⼈苦恼,⿇烦,烦劳
eg. That student sometimes troubles the teacher with hard questions.
那个学⽣有时会⽤⼀些很难的问题⿇烦⽼师。
eg. She was troubled by the news of her mother’s illness.
她对妈妈⽣病的事感到很苦恼。
eg. Sorry to trouble you. 不好意思,打扰你了。
trouble about 为某⼈担⼼ trouble over
eg. Don’t trouble about that.别为那件事担⼼。
trouble to do sth 特意做某事
eg. Don’t trouble to e me off at the station.你不⽤特意去车站送我了。troubled adj. 混乱的
eg. Fish in troubled water 趁⽕打劫,浑⽔摸鱼
绕⼝令:Don’t trouble troubles unti l trouble troubles you.
直到⿇烦来惹你之前,不要去惹⿇烦。
effect [i'fekt]
眼压高是怎么造成的1) n. 效果,效应,影响
have effect on sb / sth 对某⼈/某事产⽣影响
eg. Did the medicine have any effect on patients? 这药对病⼈有效果吗?
eg. The teacher’s words had a great effect on him.⽼师的话对他产⽣巨⼤的影响。2) n. 结果
cau 原因
大牧场放牧业cau and effect 因果
eg. His stomachache is an effect of overeating. 他胃疼是吃多了的结果。stomachache [‘st?m?k,e?k]胃痛;腹痛personal effects 私⼈财产,随⾝携带的物品
put sth into effect 使某物产⽣效果 bring sth into effect
in effect 实际上
eg. The vice-president is, in effect, the leader of the company.
实际上,副总裁是公司的领导。
affect [?'fekt] v. 对…影响,发⽣作⽤
affect sb 影响某⼈ affect sth 影响某事
eg. Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的观点不会影响我的决定。eg. The ‘No Parking’ sign didn’t affect tho drivers.
禁⽌停车的标志并没有影响到那些司机。
eg. The possible go ssip of the others couldn’t affect her.
别⼈的流⾔蜚语不会影响到她。可以的以怎么写
eg. Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。cad参照
affect v. 假装
affect sickness 假装⽣病
affect indifference 假装不关⼼
eg. She affects not to hear me. 她假装没听到我。
Medusa, Gorgon
Gorgon是希腊神话传说中的蛇发⼥怪,其中之⼀的Medusa原本是⼀位有着⼀头美丽头发的美少⼥,深得天神宙斯的兄弟海神的宠爱,但却因此遭到海神正妃的嫉妒,被变成⼀位有着⼀头蛇发、猪⽛般的⽛齿、青铜⾊的⼿臂以及可飞⾏的黄⾦翅膀的丑陋少⼥,所有的⼈只要看她⼀眼就会吓得⽴刻变成⽯头。
古希腊⼈将Medusa的头像绘制在盘⼦上,以达到趋吉避凶的效果。国际著名的意⼤利时装设计⼤师范思哲以他⾃⼰的名字命名了他的服装品牌,⽽他的品牌标志就是Medusa,代表着致命的吸引⼒。
课⽂讲解
Key structures
现在完成时
1.现在完成时have/has+过去分词,表⽰过去某时的动作对现在存在影响。
仔细阅读下列句⼦,注意与现在完成时连⽤的表⽰时间的词或词组:
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我刚收到我弟弟蒂姆的来信。
just刚刚
I have not en Tim since last January. ⾃从去年⼀⽉我就没再见过蒂姆。
since+某⼀时间点
I have not en Tim for three years. 我已经三年没有见过蒂姆了。
for+⼀段时间
Up till now he has won five prizes. 到现在为⽌他已经赢得五项⼤奖了。
up till now到现在为⽌豆浆的功效
I have been to New York three times so far. 迄今为⽌我已经去过纽约三次了。
so far到现在为⽌
Have you en this film? 你看过这部电影吗?
通常搭配的adv.及短语有:
just; already; ever; never; recently; lately; yet; so far; for six months
2.现在完成时是⼀个现在时态,所以它可以和包括“现在时刻”在内的时间状语连⽤。如:
now; today; this week; this month; this year
The rain has stopped now. ⾬终于停了。
now 相当于at last
I have lived here for five years now. 到现在为⽌我住在这⼉已经五年了。
now 相当于so far
Have you en John today? 今天你见过约翰吗?
today相当于到现在为⽌
It has rained every day this week. 这星期每天都下⾬。
3.have been与have gone含义不同。
I have been to the library. 我去过图书馆。
He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。
4.⾮延续性动词可⽤于完成时中,但不能加⼀段时间。但是,在否定句中,⾮延续性动词可⽤于现在完成时并加⼀段时间。因为“否定”本⾝是可以延续的。
I have bought a car. 我买了⼀辆车。
I have had the car for 3 weeks. 我买这辆车已经3周了。
I haven’t bought anything for three months.我已经三个⽉没有买任何东西了。
I haven’t touched beer for a whole week.我已经⼀周没沾过啤酒了。
5.现在完成时有时带有感情⾊彩。
What have you done ! 你⼲了些什么!
Now you have done! 这下你可闯祸了!
定语从句
⼀、在主从复合句中,充当主句某⼀成分(主语,宾语,表语,状语)的定语的主谓结构叫定语从句。
江苏大学全国排名⼆、定语从句⼀般是由关系代词(who, that, which, who, whom)或关系副词(when, where, why)引导的。
Do you know the man who came to e Xiao Yang this morning?
你认识那个今早来找⼩杨的⼈吗?
At the time when I saw him, he was well. 我看见他的时候,他很好。
三、定语从句分为限定性定语从句和⾮限定性定语从句。
1. 限定性定语从句修饰的词代表⼀个或⼀类特定的⼈或东西,如果拿掉了定语从句,剩下的部分就会失去意义,不能成⽴或意思不清或不能说明问题。
Tho who want to go plea sign their names here. 那些想去的⼈请在这⾥签名。
The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important.
昨天我收到的那封他寄来的信⾮常重要。