当代研究生英语读写教程翻译答案上册
黄自元楷书【上册】
Unit1生产结构
The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. In cyberspace ,we'll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed--intellectual property, content and access control, Rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in;others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another.Tho communities that prove lf-sustaining will prosper(and perhaps grow and split into subts with ever-more-particular interests and identities).Tho that can't survive-either becau people lo interest or get scared off--will simply wither away.
培训开场白译：一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的
群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，他们将渐渐萎缩消亡。
Unit2
Once the problem is understood,improvement comes naturally.Women who feel abandoned and deprived when their husbands won't listen to or report daily news may be happy to discover their husbands trying to adapt once they understand the place of small talk in women's relation-ships. But if their husbands don't adapt,the women may still be comforted that for men,this is not a failure of intimacy.Accepting the difference, the wives may look to their friends or family for that kind of talk.And husbands who can't provide it shouldn't feel their wives have made unreasonable demands. Some couples will still decide to divorce, but at least their decisions will be bad on realistic expectations.
译：一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到
安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是一种失败的亲密关系。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。
焕发Unit3
1.When it first came into being, the Earth very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere.
译：在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。
2.Between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago,portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the Sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to quality as what we call"life".金华有什么好玩的
译：在20亿到化学元素表30亿年期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。
3.The entire planet is life form made up of nonliving portions and a large variety of living portions(as our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood, as well as of a large variety of living portions).
译：整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式（正如我们自己的身体，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水分所构成）。
4.In the same way,on a planetary scale, the chopping down of an entire forest may not threaten Earth's life in general,but it will produce rious changes in the life forms of the region and even in the nature of the water runoff and,therefor,in the details of geological structure.
译：同样，从全球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，从而引起地质结构的细微变化。
5.Barring interference from outside,the eaters and the eaten retain their proper numbers, and both are the better for it.
译：如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处。
6.The prent rate of increa of Earth's swarming human population qualifies Homo sapiens as an ecological cancer,which will destroy the ecology just as surely as any ordinary cancer would destroy an organism.
译：目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。
Unit4
The flow of novelties in vocabulary, in idiom, even in pronunciation,is now overwhelmingly eastward.We ldom borrow an English word or phra any more,though we ud to borrow many;but the English take in our inventions almost as fast as we can launch them.
The American movie,I suppo, is largely responsible for this change, but there are unquestionably deeper caus too.English is still a bit tight, a bit stiff, more than a little artificial. But American has gone on developing with almost Elizabethan prodigality. All the process of word-forma-tion that were in operation in Shakespeare's England are still operation here,and they produce a steady stream of neologisms that he would have relished as joyfully as he relished the novelties actually produced in his time.cad特性
译：新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词使他欣喜若狂一样。
Unit5
1、 The goal of science is to find out how the world works,to ek what regularities there may be,to penetrate to the connections of things –from subnuclear particles,which may be the constituents of all matter,to living organisms,the human social community,and thence to the cosmos as a whole.
教师个人工作小结
译：科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。
2、 Every culture has pod such questions in one way or another.Almost always the propod answers are in the nature of “Just So Stories”,attempted explanations divorced from experiment,or even from careful comparative obrvations.
