整体格局参考专四真题点评，仍为8K，页眉左手页写“专四7套真题”，右手页写年代。
下面一套页眉写“2010年真题点评”，从第1页起排。
PARTⅠ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
下面内容排三栏，注意按下面标注排列。左栏与中间栏之间要划线，留空。
左栏
Paralinguistic Features of Language
In face-to霍建华的电视剧-face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. The means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.
I. First category: vocal paralinguistic features
A. (1) : to express attitude or intention
B. examples
1. whispering: need for crecy
产品文案 2. breathiness: deep emotion
3. (2) : unimportance
4. nasality: anxiety
5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy
II. Second category: physical paralinguistic features
A. facial expressions
1. (3)
danger— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome
2. less common expressions
— eyebrow raising: surpri or interest
— lip biting: (4)
B. gesture
Gestures are related to culture.
1. British culture
— shrugging shoulders: (5) 如何穿胸罩
— scratching head: puzzlement
2. other cultures
— placing hand upon heart: (6)
— pointing at no: cret
C. proximity, posture and echoing
1. proximity: physical distance between speakers
— cloness: intimacy or threat
— (7) : formality or abnce of interest
Proximity is person-, culture- and (8) -specific.
2. posture
— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)
— direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude
3. echoing
— definition: imitation of similar posture
— (10) : aid in communication
— conscious imitation: mockery
中间
Paralinguistic features of languages
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we’ll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of communication that takes place without the u of grammar and vocabulary. They are called “paralinguistic features of language”. The features fall into two broad categories: tho that involve voice and tho that involve the body.
沥青道路施工方案
Now, the first category is what we call “vocal paralinguistic features”.梅花开放的季节 (1)Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in co
mmunication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for crecy. The cond is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. (2)The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra lip-rounding, which express greater intimacy, especially with babies, for example. So we can e that there are a number of ways of altering our tones of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.
Now, let’s come to the cond category — physical paralinguistic features which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we u our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me cite some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we nd powerful messages about how we feel or what we need. Let me explain some of the in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meanin
高血压可以吃柚子吗g. (3)We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows — suggest that you are surprid or interested in something. (4)Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking做事的原则, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which shows that you are making decisions; and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too.
