托福阅读真题及答案
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托福阅读文本：
党的章程和纲领Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caud, in part,by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers incread and cities became an esntial feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more cure and better paying jobs in the city. But when the people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and su
spicious with them. The new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promid to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and werage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for the esntial rvices and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply the rvices themlves. Proponents of the reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to the utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focud on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and
development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed veral cours. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities
contented themlves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential u, while others were t aside for industrial or commercial development.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal
(C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
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(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
2. The word "bias" in line 2 is clost in meaning to
(A) diagonal
(B) slope
(C) distortion
(D) prejudice
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas
(A) were suspicious of their neighbors
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推理能力(B) were very proud of their lifestyle
(C) believed city government had too much power
(D) wanted to move to the cities
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to
(A) participate in the urban reform movement
(B) ek financial curity
(C) comply with a government ordinance
(D) avoid crime and corruption
甘蓝菜5. The word "embraced" in line 11 is clost in meaning to
(A) suggested
蚯蚓拼音(B) overestimated
(C) demanded
(D) welcomed
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
(A) They feared the rvices would not be made available to all city dwellers.
(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
(C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.黎明之眼电影
(D) They wanted to ensure that the rvices would be provided to rural areas.
7. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is clost in meaning to
(A) additional
(B) expensive
(C) various
(D) modified
8.All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT
(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
(C) the availability of rvices was regulated by local government
(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
9. The word "Proponents" in line 18 is clost in meaning to
(A) Experts
(B) Pioneers
(C) Reviewers
(D) Supporters
10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)?
(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
美丽的公主怎么画(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
(C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories
托福阅读答案：
