大学六级-950
(总分712, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to a Schoolmate. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chine.
1.
假设你是李明，你有一校友玩网络游戏成瘾，请给他写封信，劝告他戒掉这种游戏。
你的信应包括以下内容：
1．你得知他玩网络游戏成瘾的渠道及你的感受；
2．过分玩网络游戏的危害；
3．你对他的建议或忠告。
A letter to a Schoolmate
该问题分值: 106
答案:
[作文范文]
A Letter to a Schoolmate
Dear friend,
Last time I came across you, I was surprid to find that your eyes were swollen and your face was pale. I thought you must have studied late into night. Later, one of your classmates told me the truth. You have been addicted to online gaming for a long time and you spent most of your spare time in the Internet caf. When I learned about it, I was shocked and extremely worried.
邪恶力量好看吗
As is known to us, it is very harmful to spend too much time playing games on the Internet. Firstly, it is an enormous waste of your precious time. As a student, we are suppod to concentrate our attention on our studies. Secondly, it does great physical harm to you if you stay up so often. You are likely to suffer from body imbalance as a result of exhaustion. Thirdly, your mental health will be riously affected, too. If **pletely immer yourlf in the unreal world and distance yourlf from your classmates and friends, you will end up feeling lonely and isolated in the real world.
I hope you will manage to control this problem and shift your attention to your lessons. Try to take regular exerci **municate with others more often. In this way, you will live a more colorful and fruitful life.狼王梦作者简介
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
[审题]
本文是一封建议信。劝告校友戒掉网络游戏，需要说明沉溺于网络游戏的危害，以及如
何摆脱网络游戏。同时，作者需要注意说话的语气。
[写作思路]
第一段：得知校友玩网络游戏成瘾，非常吃惊，同时感到非常痛心。
第二段：分析沉溺于网络游戏的种种危害——损害身心健康，浪费时间和精力。
第三段：劝告校友及时从网络游戏中摆脱出来。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1～4, mark
坎坷 Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage
N (for NO ) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
建筑艺术的美 For questions 5～10, complete the ntences with the information given in the passage.
Organic Food新式空调
Organic farming was among the fastest growing gments of U.S. agriculture during the 1990s. The value of retail sales of organic food was estimated to be ＄16 billion in 2004. According to the Food Marketing Institute, more than half of Americans now buy organic food at least once a month. Why is organic food becoming so popular?
What is Organic Food?
In December 2000, the National Organic Standards Board of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) established a national standard for the term "organic". Organic food, defined by how it cannot be made rather than how it can be made, must be produced without the u of wer-sludge fertilizers, most synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic engineering (biotechnology), growth hormones, irradiation and antibiotics. A variety of agricultural products can be produced organically, including produce, grains, meat, dairy, eggs, and procesd food products.
"Organic" does not mean "natural". There is no legal definition as to what constitutes a "natural" food. However, the food industry us the term "natural" to indicate that a food h
as been minimally procesd and is prervative-free. Natural foods can include organic foods, but not all natural foods are organic. Only foods labeled "organic" have been certified as meeting USDA organic standards.
Organic Farming
The phra "organic farming" first appeared in Lord Northbourne's book Look to the Land, published in 1940. But the truth is, organic farming is the oldest form of agriculture. Before the end of World War Ⅱ, {arming without the u of petroleum-bad chemicals (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) was the only option for farmers. Technologies developed during the war were found to be uful for agricultural production. For example, the chemical ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵), which was ud as munitions (军需品), became uful as fertilizer, and organophosphates (有机磷酸盐) ud for nerve gas were later ud as incticide.
The days, farmers are switching to organic agriculture once again, but now with an ecologically bad, systematic approach that includes long-term planning, detailed record keeping and major investment in equipment and supplies. Although it is still only a small i
ndustry, the number of organic farmers is growing by about 12 percent per year and now stands at more than 12, 000 nationwide.
Organic Farming in the U.S. Today
The USDA's Economic Rearch Service reports that in 1997, the latest year for which data are available, farmers in 49 states ud organic production methods and third party organic certification rvices on 1.35 million acres out of a total 828 million aces of farmland. Approximately two-thirds of the certified U.S. organic farmland was ud for crops, and one-third was ud as pasture.
Large farms, mostly located in the Midwest and West, produced procesd tomatoes, organic wine grapes and other high-value crops on a commercial scale, whereas numerous small farms, concentrated in the Northeast, specialized in mixed vegetable production for direct marketing to consumers and restaurants.
While organic food can be found throughout the country, California was the leader in production of organic fruits and vegetables in 1997, followed cloly by Arizona, Florida, Texas, and Washington in decreasing order of total yield. Farmers and ranchers in 23 stat
es raid a small number of certified organic cows, hogs and sheep. New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota were the top producers of organic dairy cows.
Production: Organic vs. Conventional
As you can imagine, organic agricultural practices are quite distinct from tho of "conventional" farming.
Conventional farmers
apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow their crops;
spray with incticides to protect crops from pests and dia;
u synthetic herbicides to control weed growth;
Organic farmers
千钧一发的近义词 feed soil and build soil matter with natural fertilizer to grow their crops;
u inct predators, mating disruption, traps and barriers to protect crops from pests and dia;
make u of crop rotation, mechanical tillage and hand-weeding, as well as cover crops, mulches, flame weeding and other management methods to control weed growth;
As a last resort, organic farmers may apply certain botanical or other non-synthetic pesticides.
How Do I Know if a Food is Organic?
Look for the word "organic" on vegetables or pieces of fruit, or on the sign above the organic produce display. The word "organic" may also appear on packages of meat, carton of milk or eggs, chee and other single-ingredient foods. Foods labeled "100 percent Organic" must contain only organic ingredients. Products containing at least 70 percent organic content can be labeled "made with organic ingredients." Tho foods labeled simply "organic" must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt. Anyone who knowingly lls or labels a product "organic" that is not produced and handled in accordance with the regulations can face a civil penalty of up to ＄10,000.
Foods grown and procesd according to the federal standards will in most cas bear the al "USDA Organic". As its u is voluntary, companies may choo not to display the al.
Why Should I Care if a Food is Organic?
According to the USDA, organic food production allows farmers to lower input costs, decrea reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high value markets and premium prices, and boost farm income. Organic agriculture also has many important environmental benefits:
It promotes sustainability by establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. In the long run, organic farms tend to conrve energy and protect the environment by maintaining ecological harmony.
It enhances biodiversity, or the prence of multiple plant and/or animal species. Having a highly diver genetic pool becomes uful in the future when beneficial characteristics can be tapped.
Becau organic agriculture utilizes practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associations, cover crops and minimum tillage, the length of time that the soil is expod to erosive forces is decread, which minimizes nutrient loss and boosts soil productivity. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic agriculture reduces
pollution of groundwater.
Organic agriculture helps to minimize the greenhou effect and global warming through its ability to keep carbon in the soil.
Why is Organic Food So Expensive?
Prices tend to be higher for organic than conventional products. As stated on the Web site of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), certified organic products are generally more expensive than conventional counterparts becau..
The organic food supply is limited as compare to demand. Production costs for organic foods are typically higher becau Of greater labor input and becau farmers don't produce enough of a single product to lower the overall cost.
Post-harvest handling of relatively small quantities of organic foods results in higher costs becau organic and conventional produce must he parated for processing and transportation.
Marketing and the distribution chain for organic products are relatively inefficient, and costs are higher becau of relatively small volumes.
The FAO also notes that as the demand for organic food and products increas, technological innovations and economies of scale should reduce costs of production, processing, distribution and marketing for organic produce.
Is Organic Food Better than Conventional Food?
Organic and conventional food must meet the same quality and safety standards. Organic food differs from conventionally produced food simply in the way it is grown, handled and procesd. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that it is more nutritious or safer than conventional food. A recently published report indicates that organic food is less likely to contain pesticide residues than conventional food. Yet, according to the National Rearch Council, the traces of pesticides left on conventionally grown products are unlikely to cau an incread cancer risk. Also, if fruits and vegetables are properly washed, most of the chemicals can be removed. As for taste, that's up to you to decide what you like best. In general, people tend to find that the fresher a food is, the better it tastes, regardless of how it was produced.
1.
The passage is mainly about the differences between conventional and organic farming.
该问题分值: 7
答案:N
[解析] 本题是考查文章的主旨。结合文章各个小标题可知，文章谈到了有机食品的定义，有机农业，有机农业与传统农业的比较等情况，故传统农业与有机农业的比较只是原文的一小部分内容，不足以概括文章主旨。
小说梗概2.
Organic agriculture has become a big industry as more and more farmers are switching to it.
该问题分值: 7
答案:N
[解析] 根据题干的主语判断本题主要涉及organic agriculture，将搜索范围锁定到小标题organic farming部分。在第二段最后一句提到了有关有机农业的规模问题：it is still only a small industry，题干中的become a big industry与原文相悖。
3.
Organic food is not necessarily better than conventional food in terms of nutrition, safety or taste.
该问题分值: 7
答案:吴敏与驴Y
[解析] 本题涉及有机食物和传统食物的优劣问题，由此可迅速将答案锁定在小标题Is Organic Food Better than Conventional Food?部分。根据该部分第一段第二句There is no scientific evidence to suggest that it is more nutritious or safer than conventional food，可知，并投有科学的证据能够证明有机食物要比传统食物更有营养或食用更安全。题干为该内容的同义转述。
4.
According to the FAO, as the demand for organic food and products increas, prices will be lower for organic products than conventional products.
该问题分值: 7
答案:NG
[解析] 根据主句部分的主语prices判断本题是关于有机食品的价格问题，故将答案锁定在小
标题Why is Organic Food So Expensive?部分。根据该部分最后一段可知，FAO指出organic produce的成本应该会降低(reduce costs)，但并没有提到会降到 lower than conventional products，因此提干的内容从原文中找不到依据。
5.
Organic agriculture contributes to slowing down the global temperature increa through its ability to ___________________.
该问题分值: 7
答案:keep carbon in the soil．
[解析] 本题涉及有机农业的优点。小标题Why Should I Care if a Food is Organic7部分第一段最后一句提到Organic agriculture具有many important environmental benefits，而根据该部分最后一段最后一句Organic agriculture helps to minimize the greenhou effect a
nd global warming through its ability to keep carbon in the soil即可得出答案。
