狂犬病疫苗Rabies vaccine
石榴国画
目录
狂犬病疫苗Rabies vaccine (1)
疫苗 (1)
Rabies vaccine (2)
狂犬疫苗 (4)
Why get vaccinated? (5)
疫苗
小巴掌童话
疫苗是将病原微生物经过人工减毒、灭活或利用转基因等方法制成的用于预防传染病的自动免疫制剂。疫苗保留了病原菌免疫系统的特性。当动物体接触到这种不具伤害力的病原菌后,免疫系统便会产生一定的保护物质,当再次接触到这种病原菌时免疫系统便会依循其原有的记忆,制造更多的保护物质来阻止病原菌的伤害。
目前使用的疫苗主要分为减毒疫苗(活疫苗)和灭活疫苗(死疫苗)两种。减毒疫苗多具有超过90%的效力,其保护作用通常延续多年。它的突出优势是免疫原性一般很强,甚至不
写给领导的祝福语需要加强免疫。这种突出的优势同时也存在潜在的危险性:在免疫力差的部分个体可引发感染;突变可能恢复毒力。换句话说这类的疫苗在某些个体接种以后会导致其因接种这个疫苗而导致感人这种疾病,不过这样的案例是极个别的,甚至是几十万分之一的概率,可能性有,但决定低于中双色球的概率。与减毒活疫苗相比灭活疫苗采用的是非复制性抗原(死疫苗),因此,其安全性好,但免疫原性也变弱,往往必须加强免疫。当然从安全角度来说选择灭活疫苗是比较好的。需要注意的是,并不是所有病原体经灭活后均可以成为高效疫苗:其中一些疫苗是高效的,如索尔克注射用脊髓灰质炎疫苗或甲肝疫苗;其它则是一些低效、短持续期的疫苗,如灭活后可注射的霍乱疫苗,几乎已被放弃;还有一些部分灭活疫苗的效力低,需要提高其保护率和免疫的持续期,如传统的灭活流感和伤寒疫苗。
Rabies vaccine
Rabies vaccine is given to people at high risk of rabies to protect them if they are expod. People at high risk of exposure to rabies should be offered pre-exposure rabies vaccination, including:
◆Veterinarians, animal handlers, and veterinary students
◆Rabies laboratory workers
◆Spelunkers (people who explore caves), and
◆Persons who work with live vaccine to produce rabies vaccine and rabies
immune globulin.
◆Pre-exposure rabies vaccination should also be considered for:冬天有什么花
◆People who activities bring them into frequent contact with rabies virus or
with possibly rabid animals.
International travelers who are likely to come in contact with animals in parts of the world where rabies is common and immediate access to appropriate care is limited.
For pre-exposure protection, 3 dos of rabies vaccine are recommended. People who may be repeatedly expod to rabies virus should receive periodic testing for immunity, and booster dos might be necessary. Your health care provider can give you more details.
Rabies vaccine can prevent rabies if given to a person after they have had an exposure. Anyone wh
杭州西湖简介o has been bitten by an animal suspected to have rabies, or who otherwi may have been expod to rabies, should clean the wound and e a health care provider immediately regardless of vaccination status. The health care provider can help determine if the person should receive post-exposure rabies vaccination.
For post-exposure protection:
A person who is expod and has never been vaccinated against rabies should get 4 dos of rabies vaccine. The person should also get another shot called rabies immune globulin (RIG).
A person who has been previously vaccinated should get 2 dos of rabies vaccine and does not need Rabies Immune Globulin.
Your health care provider can give you more information.幽默与笑话
狂犬疫苗蒋中一现状
狂犬疫苗是一个历史悠久的疫苗,最早制造狂犬疫苗的是法国的巴斯德。1882年它成功地应用连续传代减弱病毒毒力的方法,用适应毒种来制造疫苗。中国现在制造的狂犬疫苗是用狂犬病毒固定毒接种于原代地鼠肾细胞培养后,收获毒液,经浓缩、纯化、精制并加氢氧化铝佐剂,经全面检定合格后制
备而来的预防狂犬病的疫苗。狂犬病毒只有一种血清型,世界各地的狂犬病毒抗原性质是相同的。接种狂犬疫苗后,人体血液中可出现抗狂犬病毒抗体,这些抗体可防止病毒在细胞间直接传播,减少病毒的增殖量,同时还能清除游离的狂犬病毒,阻止病毒的繁殖和扩散,从而达到预防狂犬病。简单来说狂犬疫苗的制备只是提取了狂犬病毒培养体的毒素,也就是它是一个死疫苗,相对来说安全性高,但作用力弱。当然疫苗质量的欠佳、接种程序的不规范、个体差异等因素都会造成免疫失败的。
一般来说狂犬病的潜伏期为30~60天,但部分病人从暴露到发病时间较短,在狂犬病还未全程接种完即发病。这些病人即使接种高质量的狂犬病疫苗也难以得到保护。当然我们不能因为个别的失败而否定其在疾病预防过程中的重要作用,到目前为止对绝大多数人来说规范接种疫苗依旧是最为便捷、安全、经济、实惠的预防疾病最为有效的方法。
君子兰花图片当然对于狂犬病的预防,特别是对于较深的破烂伤口要就地及时(最好是在咬伤后几分钟内)对伤口进行清洗消毒,对预防狂犬病具有非常重要的意义(用3%-5%肥皂水或0.1%新洁尔灭或再用清水充分洗涤;对较深的伤口,用注射器伸入伤口深部进行灌注清洗,做到全面彻底。再用75%乙醇消毒,继而用浓碘酊涂擦)。局部伤口处理愈早愈好,即使延迟1~2天甚至3~4天也不应忽视局部处理,此时如果伤口已结痂,也应将结痂去掉后按上法处理。伤口不宜包扎、缝口,开放性伤口应尽可能暴露。如果伤口必须包扎缝合(如侵入大血管),则应保证伤口已彻底清洗消毒并已按上述方法使用抗狂犬病血清,必要时使用抗生素或精制破伤风抗毒素。严重咬伤者伤口周围及底部需注射抗狂犬病血清,或使
用狂犬病免疫球蛋白。如果经济条件允许,或属严重咬伤,建议联合使用干扰素,以增强保护效果。
Why get vaccinated?
raccoon clipart
Rabies vaccine can prevent rabies.
Rabies is mainly a dia of animals. Humans get rabies when they are bitten or scratched by infected animals.