TROY’S 知识点小结
感谢这3个月来陪我走过的CDers们,感谢NN们的分享和总结,虽然分数不算太高,但还是把自己总结的一些语法点列出来,筒子们可以依据自己需要花10-20分钟扫描一下,看看那些还不是很清楚可以专项复习,那些是记得很清楚的当作巩固。
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1、 there be 句型:表示自然存在的状态。
There be sth. done 永远错
There is + 动词性名词(eg there is a recovery)多半错 要改成n.+v.的形式
2、 表示动作的目的用 to do; 而不是for doing, 但不排除某些动词的固定搭配;
其中 to 其实是 in order to 的意思;
3、 时间状语的位置:语法上和逻辑上的修饰不一致。
eg1 ……the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would [in the past] have conceded to rivals. OG12-7
这里的 in the past 做状语修饰 would have conceded
其中有一项错误选项是: it would have conceded to rivals [in the past] ; 改变了状语的位置放在rivals之后,语法上既可以作定语修饰rivals,也可以做状语修饰conceded,GMAC认为这是有修饰歧义的~
eg2 Neuroscientists, having amasd a wealth of knowledge [over the past twenty years] about brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are…… OG12-21
这里的 over the past twenty years 做状语修饰 having amasd ; 有筒子可能会问 为什么不是修饰knowledge呢 因为over the past twenty years 修饰完成时态 是更优先的~ 这也是GMAT的常考点~脑筋急转弯高难度带答案
其中有一个错误选项 having amasd a wealth of knowledge about brain and its development from birth to adulthood [over the past twenty years] ; 改变了状语的位置放在
adulthood之后 appears to be modifying adulthood ;
有筒子可能会问 上一条刚说 优先修饰 have done 为什么在这里就可以修饰 adulthood? 我想解释有以下两条: 第一, 状语结构离所要修饰的对象太远了 也就是GMAT常说的 修饰结构要紧跟所要修饰的对象,这条规律适用于定语从句,v-ed分词作定语修饰, v-ing做伴随状语修饰; 第二,一条铁规律是 一般原句中的状语位置不可随意变动, 特别是变动以后放到了一个名词或代词之后, 一般就会出现修饰歧义, 这也是GMAT的常考点之一。
4、 V-ing形式可以用作名词(如:running is her favorite sport ); 但sb’s v-ing 形式通常是不正确的; 但sb’s + 动词性名词 + prep. 是可以的 (如: his translation of XXX)
5、 The + 动名词 + of + n. 结构很wordy, 不如 n. + v.
eg …the beginning of the Univer was an explosive instant… 就不如 the univer began in an explosive instant…; 值得注意的是 一切还是要以句子的逻辑大意为最基本的依据~
6、 尸鬼漫画常出现enough 和 so…that / such…that / as much as 等混乱搭配使用 绝对秒杀; eno
ugh to do 表示主观满足,在标准书面语中很少使用。
7、 法规法令的内容通常用v-ing分词表示其延续性和效力,如 the law / directive(指令) / agreement 等 。
去嘴角纹
8、 being 结构多余问题总结:
1 放在n.后与v-ed连用作后置定语时 eg the time being赤壁之战电影 required to remblek2p…
2 Sb’s being v-ed + prep. eg Executive’s being heavily committed…
3 独立主格结构中(OG12-110E) The owner and editor being two young journalists…. OG解释说: being introduces an award construction. 独立主格的分词成分是being或having been 常常省略
4 在句首引导形容词短语对主句主语进行修饰时: Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York…. OG解释说:being is necessarily wordy and award.
5 但我见过在with后面做助动词帮助形容词完成名词化特征的用法: with being dangerous
之类的 貌似是不算wordy的 筒子们在平时要多多注意自己积累~
9、 like 不能表示举例; 只能用such as 代替;
10、 标准书面语中if 表示如果;whether表示是否 能跟在v. 和 prep. 后面引导名词性从句。
11、 In some hypothetical situation, such as “To do sth, sb….” “the likelihood that….” “the possibility that… ” “expect that…” 谓语动词要用 would/will 引导
12、 The fact of 多半错,应该用 the fact that
13、 Having been done/ having done 作定语必然错
14、 原句中出现情态动词,那么在最后的正确答案中必须有这个词或者类似语气的词。
15、 V-ed分词作后置定语是最简洁的形式;to do作定语容易产生修饰名词或修饰整句的歧义。
怀孕可以吃薯片吗16、 描述自然现象、统计数据、试验结论、客观事实的时候用一般现在时。
17、 so that sb. could … 表示目的, 通常与 in order that / to…/ and so… / in order for sb. to 同时出现, so that sb. could 结构在没有其他语法错误情况下为最优选项
18、 during/ within/ over/ in + the past/ last/ recent + 时间短语 用完成时态; XX years ago/ originally / from 1894 to 1899/ previously 等用过去时态; possibility/ likelihood that…., expect that.. 从句中用will/would do 表将来。
19、 similar to/ different from/ due to 一般不放在句首疮痈肿毒
20、 and also:用在表示列举时或固搭(between…and…/ both…and…)中是redundant的;而在其他一些情况中,表示强调是可以存在的。
but instead: 当but做介词接n.时,instead多余,因为instead是副词不能修饰介词或者名词; 做连词接v.时,instead表示强调。
21、 定语从句应紧跟其所修饰的名词或代词的后面,中间成分太多会造成指代、修饰不清。
eg Mark was appointed to veral tasks within Democratic party during his first term that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee. 其中 that 引导限定性定语从句 语法上就近修饰term 造成逻辑意思错误。
恼怒的反义词
Mark was appointed to veral tasks within Democratic party during his first term, which included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee. 其中 which 引导非限定性定语从句 语法上就近修饰 term 造成逻辑意思错误。
Mark was appointed to veral tasks within Democratic party during his first term including included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee. 其中including引导分词结构做定语跳跃修饰tasks 这道题现在看来 也许GMAT认为 相比两个定语紧跟修饰的名词或代词而言 v-ing做分词修饰可以不那么严格
22、 比较级要和than搭配,而不是compared to/ as compared with等, 常见的就是把这个结构拉的很开 读到后面都忘了前面有比较级 筒子们看见less more 之类的一定要加强印象。
23、 With引导的独立主格结构相比各类从句而言与主句逻辑关系不那么紧密,但与主句的主语有紧密的修饰关系。
eg1 In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, with the simple thesis of consumers having the power to change companies by the simple expedient of refusing to buy. 句子的主语是 the Council on Economic Priorities, 而with引导的独立主格结构优先修饰句子的主语做伴随成分,而非做定语成分修饰Shopping for a Better World,造成句子意思表达错误 逻辑不清。 应该为who thesis was simple: consumers have the power to change companies by the simple expedient of refusing to buy.