2021年考研《英语一》答案（海文版）
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In Cambodia the choice of a spou is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1tho of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spou on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spou, giving the child little to say in the lection. 4 , a girl may veto the spou her parents have chon. 5 a spou has been lected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short rmon and
8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew hou nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spou retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.
参考答案：BDCACACCDBDDBACDBACA
1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to
2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on
3. [A] clo [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone
4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example
5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless暖性水果
6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through
7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so
8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create
9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying
10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] rving
11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union
12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live
13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if
14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid
15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] expod
16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever
17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed
18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn
19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks
20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in that
第 1 页：完形填空第 2 页：阅读理解第 3 页：翻译第 4 页：作文
Section II Reading Comprehension
参考答案：ADBCA ADCDD ACDBA DABCD BGDEF
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
France, which prides itlf as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promotin
g extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models ems to go beyond protecting models from starring themlves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it nds women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must u to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .
The French measures, however, rely too much on vere punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to t voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revid Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misu of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined
[B] New runways would be constructed
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive
[D] The fashion industry would decline
22. The phra "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is clost in meaning to
[A] heightening the value of
[B] indicating the state of
[C] losing faith in
[D] doing harm to
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry
[A] The French measures have already failed
[B] New standards are being t in Denmark
[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure
[D] Its inherent problems are getting wor
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
[A] tting perfect physical conditions
[B] caring too much about models' character
[C] showing little concern for health factors
[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models
25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?
[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals
[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France
[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty
[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish hous but t
o save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties em likely to endor this ntiment. The Conrvatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conrvation,
even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewi wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppo development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u nsing its chance, has sides with tho pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conrvative parties.
The nsible place to build new hous factories and offices is where people are in citie
s and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million hous in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more hous but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biad one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conrvation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectru
m.
26. Britain's public ntiment about the countryside
[A] is not well reflected in politics
[B] is fully backed by the royal family
[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age
[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS
27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being
[A] largely overshadowed
[B] properly protected
[C] effectively reinforced
[D] gradually destroyed
28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development
[B] The Conrvatives may abandon "off-plan" building
[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conrvation
[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference
[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area
[B] stress the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain
[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain
[D] the political life in today's Britain
Text 3
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to u its resources and engage in activities designed to increa its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premi and regard c
orporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New rearch suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are procuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their business in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good caus it helps. And third, through a more diffu "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating the effects becau consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to parate them by looking at bribery procutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since procutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that，among procuted firms，tho with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas procutors should only evaluate a ca bad on its merits, they do em to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one rearcher.
Rearchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much business ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with
[A]uncertainty
[B]skepticism
[C]approval
[D]tolerance
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by
[A]guarding it against malpractices
[B]protecting it from consumers
[C]winning trust from consumers.
[D]raising the quality of its products
33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is clost in meaning to
[A]less controversial
[B]more lasting
[C]more effective
[D]less vere
34. When procutors evaluate a ca, a company's CSR record
[A]comes across as reliable evidence
三字经正版全文 [B]has an impact on their decision
[C]increas the chance of being penalized
[D]constitutes part of the investigation
35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?
[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown
[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated
[C] Its negative effects on business are often overlooked
不得不用英语怎么说 [D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
Text 4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceas to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2021.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing press, d
elivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same t of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make n for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upt with you."
Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing rvice to focus on streaming. "It was en as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would rai prices and make it into more of a legacy product."
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increa it at a higher rate each year and esntially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsd with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition ven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription.
"It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make n when the market changes and the world changes. In tho situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."
36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to
[A] the increasing online and sales
[B] the pressure from its investors
[C] the complaints from its readers
[D] the high cost of operation
37. Peretti suggests that in face of the prent situation, The Times should
[A] make strategic adjustments
[B] end the print dition for good
[C] ek new sources of leadership
[D] aim for efficient management
38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"
[A] helps restore the glory of former times
[B] is meant for the most loyal customers
[C] will have the cost of printing reduced
[D] expands the popularity of the paper
39. Peretti believes that in a changing world
[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving
[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges
[D] legacy business are becoming out dated
40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] shift to online newspapers all at once白居易被称为
[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand
[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good
Part B
Directions:
美丽的家乡手抄报 Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)
[A] Create a new image of yourlf
[B] Decide if the time is right
[C] Have confidence in yourlf
轮胎动平衡怎么做 [D]Understand the context
[E]Work with professionals
[F]Make it efficient
[G]Know your goals
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you prent yourlf has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to rearch from Princeton University , people asss your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a cond, solely bad on the way you look.
The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some ttings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we prent is magnified by social-media rvices like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are en much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it ems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41___[B] Decide if the time is right
As an executive coach, I've en image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK
42_____[G]Know your goals
Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more riously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to u characterizations like that )
43 ____[D]Understand the context
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to prent themlves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44 _____[E]Work with professionals
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or u the free styling rvice of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spou or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.
45 ______[F]Make it efficient
The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, u it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
第 1 页：完形填空第 2 页：阅读理解第 3 页：翻译第 4 页：作文
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined gments into Chine. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exerci can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the ed that contains lf-esteem -confidence in ourlves and an abili
ty to trust in our common n. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourlves too riously, to laugh at ourlves, to e the bigger picture, and to e that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourlves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to e the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will e that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, inst
inct, wisdom, common n, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to e, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
【参考译文】
46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
47. 心理健康不会去往他方。如同乌云可能蔽日，心理健康可能会暂时隐藏于视线之外，但它完全可以在须臾之间复原如初。
48. 心理健康使我们在他人陷入危难之时给予同情，痛苦不已时给予善意，无论对谁，都能给予无条件的爱。
49. 尽管心理健康是人们度过一生的一剂万能良药，但它又普通不已，因为当你需要做出艰难决定时，都可感受到它的存在。
李阳英语 50. 就像你会渐渐明白，深悉心理健康一直触手可得并且值得信任，使我们能放慢生活脚步，活在当下，幸福生活。
第 1 页：完形填空第 2 页：阅读理解第 3 页：翻译第 4 页：作文
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Suppo you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. U Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
Notice
For better rving the international students, a notice is relead here to provide the necessary information about the library.
The university library opens at and clos at from Monday to Friday, but from to on weekends. If you need to borrow books, plea follow the following steps. First, bring your student card and register first at the librarian's office. At most six books can be borrowed once from the library. You should keep in mind the days that you can keep the book(s) you borrow. Three months is the longest period. If you exceed the limited time, some fines should be paid.
If you have any questions or suggestions about borrowing or returning books, telephone 010-8248119 or nd an email to We sincerely hope you all enjoy the study and life in our university.
University Library
December 26, 2021
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words bad on the following pictures In your essay, you should
1) describe the pictures briefly
2) interpret the meaning , and
实习期闯红灯 3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. U Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
The above two pictures reveal two father's different teaching methods. In the first picture, the father is urging his son to study hard while he is smoking and watching TV idly. In the cond picture, the father and his son are both concentrating on the study. The caption under the cartoon reads: "It is better to t an example than to make demands".
Apparently, the author of the cartoon focus on a fact that many parents when educating their children tend to neglect the impact of their own acts upon their children. It is without any doubt that all parents hope that their children could have a bright future. Th
erefore, they tend to count on schools and the society to provide their kids with a good education. However, what they don't realize is that parents are the first teachers of children. Parents failing to t a role model for their children will only result in an unhealthy family atmosphere, which is definitely harmful to the future development of their children.
From my perspective, education from parents is of vital importance to a child's healthy growth. Therefore, parents should provide their children with a favorable growing environment by being a positive role model. Only through persistent efforts and proper guidance can children enjoy a bright future.
