结婚朋友圈怎么发METHOD 18 MEASUREMENT OF GASEOUS ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSIONS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
四、方法18气相色谱法测定气态有机化合物的排放。
NOTE: This method is not inclusive with respect to specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and procedures (e.g., sampling and analytical) esntial to its performance. Some material is incorporated by reference from other methods in this part. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, persons using this method should have a thorough knowledge of at least the following additional test methods: Method 1, Method 2, Method 3.
注意：对于该方法的性能至关重要的规格（例如设备和耗材）和程序（例如采样和分析），此方法不包括在内。本部分中的其他方法中引用了一些材料作为参考。因此，为了获得可靠的结果，使用此方法的人员应至少对以下其他测试方法有全面的了解：Method 1, Method 2, Method 3。自制手擀面
NOTE: This method should not be attempted by persons unfamiliar with the performance characteristics of gas chromatography, nor by tho persons who are unfamiliar with source sampling. Particular care should be exercid in the area of safety concerning choice of equipment and operation in potentially explosive atmospheres.
注意：不熟悉气相色谱性能特征的人员，或者不熟悉源采样的人员，都不要尝试这种方法。在可能发生爆炸的环境中，在设备选择和操作安全方面应特别注意安全。
1.0 Scope and Application. 1.0范围和应用。
1.1 Analyte. Total gaous organic compounds. 1.1分析物。总气态有机化合物。
小班数学公开课1.2 Applicability. 1.2适用性。
1.2.1 This method is designed to measure gaous organics emitted from an industrial source. While designed for ppm level sources, some detectors are quite capable of detecting compounds at ambient levels, e.g., ECD, ELCD, and helium ionization detectors. Some other types of detectors are evolving such that the nsitivity and applicability may well be in the ppb range in only a few years.
1.2.1此方法旨在测量从工业来源排放的气态有机物。尽管为ppm级离子源设计，但某些检测器能够在环境水平上检测化合物，例如ECD，ELCD和氦离子检测器。其他一些类型的检测器也在不断发展，以至于其灵敏度和适用性仅在短短几年内就可以达到ppb范围。
1.2.2 This method will not determine compounds that (1) are polymeric (high molecular weight), (2) can polymerize before analysis, or (3) have very low vapor pressures at stack or instrument conditio
ns.
1.2.2此方法不能确定以下化合物：（1）是聚合的（高分子量），（2）在分析之前可以聚合，或（3）在烟囱或仪器条件下的蒸气压非常低。
1.3 Range. The lower range of this method is determined by the sampling system; adsorbents may be ud to concentrate the sample, thus lowering the limit of detection below the 1 part per million (ppm) typically achievable with direct interface or bag sampling. The upper limit is governed by GC detector saturation or column overloading; the upper range can be extended by dilution of sample with an inert gas or by using smaller volume gas sampling loops.
1.3范围。该方法的下限由采样系统确定；吸附剂可用于浓缩样品，从而将检测限降低到直接界面或袋采样通常可达到的百万分之一（ppm）以下。上限由GC检测器饱和度或色谱柱超载决定。通过用惰性气体稀释样品或使用较小体积的气体采样环可以扩大上限范围。
补肾秘方
The upper limit can also be governed by condensation of higher boiling compounds.
上限也可以通过高沸点化合物的缩合来控制。
1.4 Sensitivity. The nsitivity limit for a compound is defined as the minimum detectable concentrati
on of that compound, or the concentration that produces a signal‐to‐noi ratio of three to one. The minimum detectable concentration is determined during the presurvey calibration for each compound.
1.4灵敏度。化合物的灵敏度极限定义为该化合物的最低可检测浓度，或产生信噪比三比一的浓度。在每种化合物的预调查校准期间确定最低可检测浓度。
2.0 Summary of Method. 2.0方法摘要。
The major organic components of a gas mixture are parated by gas chromatography (GC) and individually quantified by flame ionization, photoionization, electron capture, or other appropriate detection principles. The retention times of each parated component are compared with tho of known compounds under identical conditions.
Therefore, the analyst confirms the identity and approximate concentrations of the organic emission components beforehand. With this information, the analyst then prepares or purchas commercially available standard mixtures to calibrate the GC under conditions identical to tho of the samples. The analyst also determines the need for sample dilution
to avoid detector saturation, gas stream filtration to eliminate particulate matter, and prevention of moisture condensation.
气体混合物中的主要有机成分通过气相色谱（GC）分离，并通过火焰电离，光电离，电子捕获或其他适当的检测原理进行单独定量。 将每种分离组分的保留时间与已知化合物在相同条件下的保留时间进行比较。
因此，分析人员事先确认了有机排放成分的身份和近似浓度。 有了这些信息，分析人员便可以在与样品相同的条件下制备或购买市售的标准混合物，以校准GC。 分析人员还确定需要稀释样品以避免检测器饱和，需要进行气流过滤以消除颗粒物并防止水分凝结。
入的近义词3.0 Definitions. [Rerved] 3.0定义。 [保留]
4.0 Interferences. 4.0干扰。
4.1 Resolution interferences that may occur can be eliminated by appropriate GC column and detector choice or by shifting the retention times through changes in the column flow rate and the u of temperature programming.
4.1通过选择合适的GC色谱柱和检测器，或通过改变色谱柱流速和使用温度程序来改变保留时间，可
以消除可能发生的分离度干扰。
4.2 The analytical system is demonstrated to be esntially free from contaminants by periodically analyzing blanks that consist of hydrocarbon‐free air or nitrogen.
4.2通过定期分析由无烃空气或氮气组成的空白样品，可以证明该分析系统基本不含污染物。行走在消逝中
4.3 Sample cross‐contamination that occurs when high‐level and low‐level samples or standards are analyzed alternately is best dealt with by thorough purging of the GC sample loop between samples.
4.3最好通过彻底清除样品之间的GC样品定量环来处理高水平和低水平样品或标准品交替分析时发生的样品交叉污染。
4.4 To assure consistent detector respon, calibration gas are contained in dry air. To adjust gaous organic concentrations when water vapor is prent in the sample, water vapor concentrations are determined for tho samples, and a correction factor is applied.
4.4为了确保检测器的响应一致，校准气体的基体应为干燥空气。为了在样品中存在水蒸气时调整气态有机浓度，需要确定这些样品的水蒸气浓度，并应用校正因子。
4.5 The gas chromatograph run time must be sufficient to clear all eluting peaks from the column before proceeding to the next run (in order to prevent sample carryover).
4.5气相色谱仪的运行时间必须足以从色谱柱上清除所有洗脱峰，然后再进行下一次运行（以防止样品残留）。
5.0 Safety. 5.0安全。
5.1 Disclaimer. This method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This test method may not address all of the safety problems associated with its u. It is the responsibility of the ur of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing this test method. The analyzer urs manual should be consulted for specific precautions to be taken with regard to the analytical procedure.
5.1免责声明。 该方法可能涉及危险材料，操作和设备。 此测试方法可能无法解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题。 使用此测试方法的用户有责任建立适当的安全和健康惯例，并在执行此测试方法之前确定法规限制的适用性。 有关分析步骤的特殊预防措施，应查阅分析仪用户手册。
6.0 Equipment and Supplies. 6.0设备和用品。
6.1 Equipment needed for the presurvey sampling procedure can be found in Section 16.1.1.
6.1预调查采样程序所需的设备可在第16.1.1节中找到。
6.2 Equipment needed for the integrated bag sampling and analysis procedure can be found in Section 8.2.1.1.1.
6.2综合气袋采样和分析程序所需的设备可在第8.2.1.1.1节中找到。
6.3 Equipment needed for direct interface sampling and analysis can be found in Section 8.2.2.1.
6.3直接接口采样和分析所需的设备可以在8.2.2.1节中找到。
6.4 Equipment needed for the dilution interface sampling and analysis can be found in Section 8.2.3.1.
6.4稀释界面采样和分析所需的设备可以在第8.2.3.1节中找到。
6.5 Equipment needed for adsorbent tube sampling and analysis can be found in Section 8.2.4.1.
6.5吸附管采样和分析所需的设备可在第8.2.4.1节中找到。
7.0 Reagents and Standards. 7.0试剂和标准品。
7.1 Reagents needed for the presurvey sampling procedure can be found in Section 16.1.2.
7.1预调查取样程序所需的试剂可在第16.1.2节中找到。
7.2 Quality Assurance Audit Samples. When making compliance determinations, and upon availability, an audit sample may be obtained from the appropriate EPA Regional Office or from the responsible enforcement authority.
NOTE: The responsible enforcement autority should be notified at least 30 days prior to the test date to allow sufficient time for sample delivery.
7.2质量保证审核样本。 在确定合规性时，并在可获得时，可以从适当的EPA地区办公室或负责的执法机构获取审核样本。
注意：应在测试日期前至少30天通知负责的执法机构，以留出足够的时间来运送样品。
8.0 Sample Collection, Prervation, Storage, and Transport.（没有8.1）
8.0样品收集，保存，存储和运输。
川字纹手相8.2 Final Sampling and Analysis Procedure. 8.2最终采样和分析程序。
Considering safety (flame hazards) and the source conditions, lect an appropriate sampling and analysis procedure (Section 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.3 or 8.2.4). In situations where a hydrogen flame is a hazard and no intrinsically safe GC is suitable, u the flexible bag collection technique or an adsorption technique.
考虑到安全性（火焰危害）和排放源条件，请选择适当的采样和分析程序（8.2.1、8.2.2、8.2.3或8.2.4节）。在存在氢火焰危险且本质安全性不佳的GC的情况下，请使用柔性气袋收集技术或吸附技术。
8.2.1 Integrated Bag Sampling and Analysis. 8.2.1综合气袋采样和分析。
8.2.1.1 Evacuated Container Sampling Procedure. In this procedure, the bags are filled by evacuating the rigid air‐tight container holding the bags. U a field sample data sheet as shown in Figure 18‐10. Collect triplicate samples from each sample location.
8.2.1.1排空容器抽样程序。在该过程中，通过排空袋子的刚性气密容器来填充袋子。使用如图18‐10所示的现场样本数据表。从每个样本位置收集三次样本。
清明时节雨8.2.1.1.1 Apparatus. 8.2.1.1.1设备
