附录3 常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词
一、常用的前缀和后缀
1、常用前缀
aero-：concerning the air of aircraft
plane-aeroplane 飞机
space-aerospace 航空空间
anti-：against；opposite of
nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的
matter-antimatter反物质
war-antiwar反战的
auto-：of or by onelf
biography传记 –autobiography自传
criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省
be-：to treat as the stated thing
校园里的桂花树friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾
little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低
bi-：two；twice；double
lingual-bilingual 双语的； 人
cycle-bicycle
bio-：concerning living things
chemistry-biochemistry生化
sphere-biosphere 生物圈
by-，bye-：less important
produce-by-produce
way-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门
centi-：hundredth part
grade-centigrade ˈ摄氏
meter-centimeter 厘米
co-：together，with
author-coauthor合著者，合著
exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处
col-：( ud before l ) together，with
location-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配
com-：( ud before b，m，p ) together，with
passion-compassion 怜悯、同情
con-：together，with
centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴
federation-confederation结盟 同盟，联邦
contra-：opposite
diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定 反驳
natural-contranatural违背自然的
cor-：( ud before r ) together，with
relate-correlate 有相关性
respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信
counter-：opposite
act-counteract 对抗、抵消
attack-counterattack 反攻、反击
cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them
country-crosscountry越野的
breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交
de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce
code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号
value-devalue 贬值，贬低
dis-：not；the opposite of
advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处
agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合
honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实
em-：( ud before b，m，p ) to cau to become
body-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含
power-empower 授权、准许
en-：to cau to become；to make
danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险
large-enlarge 扩大、扩充 放大
ex-：former ( and still living )
minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长
wife-ex-wife 前妻
extra-：outside；beyond
curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的
ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时
fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front
arm-forearm前臂，预先武装
warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知
il-：( ud before l ) not
legal-illegal怒江 非法
literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的
im-：( ud before b，m，p ) not
moral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的
possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受
in-：not
direct-indirect 间接地，婉转的
nsitive-innsitive 感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木
infra-：below in a range；beyond
red-infrared 红外线的
structure—infrastructure 基础设施，基础结构
inter-：between；among
change—interchange 互换、互易；交替变换
national—international面朝大海 国际的
intra-：inside，within；into
city—intracity市内的
department--intra-department
ir-：（ud before r）not
regular—irregular 不对称、不规则的；不定期的
responsible—irresponsible 不负责
kilo-：thousand
gram—kilogram千克
meter--kilometer
macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than
particular parts of
economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学
structure—macrostructure宏观结构
mal-：bad or badly
function—malfunction 故障，障碍
treat—maltreat 虐待、滥用
micro-：extremely small
computer—microcomputer 微机
electronics—microelectronics 微电子学
mid-：middle
day—midday 中午
night—midnight婴儿尿片 午夜
mini-：small；short
bus—minibus 小汽车
skirt—miniskirt超短裙
mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly
fortune—misfortune 不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸
understand—misunderstand误会 误解
mono-：one；single
plane—monoplane单翼机
tone—monotone 单调的
multi-：more than one；many
博士楼purpo—multipurpo多种用途的，多目标
national—multinational多国的，跨国公司
non-：not
resident--non(-)resident〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的
n—nonn 胡说，无聊的事物
out-：outside；beyond
live--outlive比(某人)长寿; 活到(某事)已被遗忘
door—outdoor户外的 露天
over-：too much；above；additional
head--overhead离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的
time--overtime超出的时间; 额外的时间费
poly-：many
centric—polycentric多中心的
syllabic—polysyllabic 多音节的
post-：later than；after
graduate—postgraduate 研究生的，生
war—postwar战后的
pre-：before；in advance
pay—prepay预付
war—prewar战前的，在战前
pro-：in favor of，supporting
America--pro-America
abortion--pro-abortion 早产
pudo-：not real；fal
name—pudonym假名，化名；笔名
战成语science—pudoscience 伪科学
re-：again；back to the former state
unite—reunite重聚，再联合
u—reu 再用
lf-：by means of onelf or itlf；of，to，with，for，or in
onelf or itlf
employed--lf-employed
taught--lf-taught
mi-：half；partly
circle—micircle半圆形
final—mifinal半决赛
step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother—stepmother继母
children—stepchildren养子
sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger
whole
divide—subdivide再分，细分
洪家关ction--subction分部,分段,小部分,小单位,细分
super-：more，larger，greater than usual 说话的艺术
market—supermarket超市
