英语构词法中的派生法
派生法 ：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法;
一、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性除少数前缀外； 后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化;
1 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- ;
disable disadvantage disagree disappear
disapprove disclo discolour disconnect
discontinuous discontinue discount discourage
disorder
illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible
misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misu
nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement
unable unacceptable unaware unbalance
unbreakable uncertain unchangeable
uncomfortable undecided unemployed
undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical
unfold unpack untie
2 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
a.前缀 anti
anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist
anti-Japane War
b.前缀 auto
融合时代autobiography autography
c.前缀 bi-
bicentury bilingual
d.前缀 co
co-operation coauthor coheir
e.前缀de
deform degrade devalue
f.前缀 en- em
enable encourage endanger
enlarge enrich embitter
g. 前缀 ex
ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wife
h.前缀 mid-
midday midnight midterm mid-aged
i.前缀 multi-
multiform multilingual multimedia multipurpo
j. 21. 前缀 over-
overcrowded overwork overload overproduce
慨而慷的意思
overlook overcome
k. 22.前缀 pre-
prewar prehistoric prepay precondition
l.前缀 re-
rewrite review recycle
m.前缀 vice-
vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premier vice-president
二、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词;
1 构成名词的后缀常用的有：
a、后缀 -age,构成抽象名词
marriage percentage shortage storage
b.后缀 al- 构成抽象名词
arrival refusal approval survival
proposal removal
c.后缀 –an , -ian “人” 从事……职业者”,构成名词;
Italian librarian magician vegetarian
musician politician technician
d.后缀 -ance,-ence,构成名词.
appearance allowance existence prence 酸菜炖排骨
performance ignorance influence intelligence 专项行动工作总结
evidence diligence guidance
preference significance
e.后缀 -dom 构成名词
kingdom freedom
f、后缀 -ee, -eer, -er,-or,构成表人的名词
beginner competitor conductor director employee
engineer examinee interviewee
tailor volunteer
g.后缀 -ess 构成表“雌性”的名词
actress goddess hostess waitress
h、后缀 -ful 构成表“容量单位”名词
a basketful of a handful of mouthful spoonful
i.后缀 -ics 构成学科名词：
gymnastics physics politics mathematics
j、后缀 -ism ,构成名词
Buddhism extremism imperialism terrorism 马配什么生肖最好
patriotism socialism tourism
k、后缀-ist 构成名词;
bioiogist chemist economist specialist
北京体育大学研究生extremist geologist physicist
l. 后缀 -ment 构成抽象名词
advertiment agreement amument appointment argument
arrangement development embarrassment equipment
establishment improvement judgment requirement treatment
m.后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词：
coolness correctness dampness
m. 后缀 -sion 构成抽象名词：
aggression comparison conclusion expression invasion
permission tension
n. 后缀 -th 构成抽象名词
birth depth length strength warmth
width youth
0. 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词
application celebration classification creation
congratulation consideration consolidation description
p.后缀 –ure,构成抽象名词
failure mixture
q寒月如雪. 以-ity或ty结尾,构成抽象名词
ability curiosity electricity equality
identity majority prosperity society
2 构成动词的后缀常用的有：
a. 后缀 -en ,形容词后的-en,构成及物动词;名词后的-en 构成形容词
brighten deepen flatten frighten loon
sharpen strengthen widen
wooden woolen
b.后缀 –ize,构成及物动词
apologize analyse categorize
organize realize
3 构成形容词的后缀常用的有：
a.后缀 -able
acceptable adjustable admirable avoidable
unbelievable comparable endurable incredible
reasonable recycleable respectable
valuable visible
b、后缀 –al 构成形容词
environmental grammatical natural occasional
original operational personal political
practical professional traditional universal
c、后缀-ant/-ent,构成形容词
distant important patient convenient
permanent urgent violent
rvant
d、后缀 -ed 构成形容词：
astonished delighted experienced learned
skilled united
e.后缀 -ful,构成形容词
最初的梦想歌曲
careful doubtful dreadful regretful resourceful
forgetful frightful hopeful respectful tearful
f. 后缀 –ic, 构成形容词
basic economic enthusiastic electric energetic
