【2019年备考】中考英语语法专题复习—被动语态专题
被动语态
学习目标:掌握被动语态结构以及时态变换
apollyon预习导学：举例把字句和被字句
知识梳理
一．被动语态的句法功能
1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
小腹痛怎么回事
e.g.: Japane is taught in that school. (类似warming up中的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性)
2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。
每天英语e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning.
看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！
He can carry the basket.
The basket can be carried by him.
They can sing some beautiful songs.
Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.
总结：上面例句的小规律：
△主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
主动语态：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语
（执行者）（承受者）
被动语态：主语+ be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者）（承受者）一般省略
【例题精讲】
例1.Children (not allow) to play frightening games.
例2.The Great Wall (know) by people all over the world.
雨果圆明园
例3.All the buildings (turn) into hospitals recently.
例4.How long can the magazines (keep)?
Keys:1.aren’t allowed 2.is known 3.have been turned 4.be kept
【课堂练习】
提高题：
1. The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week.
2. The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune.
3. The password of your email box should (memorize). .
4. Liquids can (turn) into gas if their temperatures (make) hot enough.
5. The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night.
Keys:1.will be plated 2.was operated 3.be memorized 4.turn,are made 5.will find ,will be blown
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）
团总支时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时do/does am/is/are +done
一般过去时did was/were +done
现在进行时am/is/are +doing am/is/are +being done
现在完成时have/has +done have/has +been done
一般将来时will/shall/be going to +do will/shall/be going to +be done
过去进行时Was/were +doing was/were+ being done
过去完成时had + done had + been done
过去将来时would/should/be going to+ do would/should/be going to +be done
含有情态动词can/may/must +do can/may/must+be done
三、被动语态的易错点
数字数1. 主动语态变为被动语态
①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。
③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
We asked him to sing an English song.
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
批注：主动，主动，主去动；被动，被动，主被动。
毋自辱焉2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；
②若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；
③若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for；
She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)
I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语）
A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语 a book改为了主语）
备注：此语法点应多呈现后接双宾语的动词详细讲解并加强练习。如：tell,lend ,pass,give,buy ,bring , take ,nd ,show 等
3. 动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副
词。
We should speak to old men politely.
Old men should be spoken to politely.
4.to的“前世今生”
在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song .（主动语态）
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：
一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。
e sb do sth（主动语态）sb be en to do（被动语态）
一感二听三使（使役动词）四看
feel hear、listen to make、let、have （马兰花）e、watch、notice、obrve
5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况
A.系动词无被动
The dish tastes delicious. The apple smells sweet.
B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash, write, ll ,read
The play reads better than it acts.
This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗)
The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。
The book is so interesting that it lls well.
作及物动词为“卖、出售”）
此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..”
“ll”
C.Need+V-ing “需要被….”
My car needs repairing. 我的车需要修理
D. Too…to句型The box is too heavy to life.
E.不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, spread, break out, come true, take place,
belong to,ri等
比较ri, fall, happen是不及物动词；rai, at是及物动词。
>高尔基长篇小说
