中考英语专题复习专题九_动词的被动语态

更新时间:2023-06-10 12:19:30 阅读: 评论:0

中考英语专题复习专题九_动词的被动语态
专题九动词的被动语态
知识清单
常考点清单
一、被动语态的构成及其用法
(一)被动语态的构成
1.被动语态的基本结构为:be + 动词过去分词
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况。
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
The window was broken yesterday.
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
Many tall buildings are built in our city every year.
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
国企和外企的区别
English is taught in our school.
4.动作的发出者不是人。
Most of the hous were destroyed in the earthquake.
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换
(一) 主动语态变被动语态
1. 要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。
2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变为宾格,并由by引导。
3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
拉米夫定片
We asked him to sing an English song.
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
(二) 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)
I was given a book.(间接宾语改为主语)
A book was given to me.(直接宾语a book改为主语)
(三) 短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。
注意:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
We should take good care of the children. (变为被动语态)
The children should be taken good care of.(of不可省略)
(四) 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。
紧急通知网页升级I saw some boys playing football on the playground.(变为被动语态)
Some boys were en playing football in the playground.
(五) 被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中的感官动词e, hear, watch, feel, notice 等以及使役动词let,make,have等,动词后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。
The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.(变为被动语态)
The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.
We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.(变为被动语态)
The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.
[题组训练] 根据句意完成句子
1.This watch ______ in China.这块手表是中国制造的。
2.More trees must ______ every year.每年必须种许多树。
3.Chine ______ by more and more poeple in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
4.Many hous ______away in the flood.在洪水中许多房子被冲掉了。
[题组训练]把下列句子变为被动语态
1.We play basketball after school every day.
2.The students have finished their homework.
3.Jack watered the flowers yesterday.
4.He can mend the watch.
5.We will build a new hospital here next year.
易混点清单
被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式
一、主动结构表示被动意义
1. open, lock, write, read, ll, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,
大学生职业生涯可用主动语态表示被动意义。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
这种比写起来很流畅。
This kind of shirts lls well here.
这种式样的衬衫在这里很好卖。
2. look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结果表示被动意义。
School Uniforms look good on us.
我们穿着校服很好看。
The cake smells delicious.
那个蛋糕闻起来很香。
3. be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。
仓储合同范本例子This film is worth eing.
这部电影值得一看。
4. want / need / require + doing相当于want / need/ require + to be done。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。
My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理。
二、不用被动语态的情况
1.主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用于被动语态。
The man introduced himlf as Mr. White.(主动语态)
那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。发烧头晕
Himlf was introduced as Mr. White.(误)
They help each other study English.(主动语态)
他们互相帮助学习英语。
新高考地区Each other is hel pe d to study English.(误)
2. 当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。
We will have a meeting.(主动语态)
我们打算开一个会议。
A meeting will be had by us.(误)
3.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时,不能用作被动语态的主语。
My mother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态)
我妈妈喜欢看电视。
Watching TV is enjoyed by my mother.(误)
He asked to have a try.(主动语态)
他请求试一下。
To have a try was asked.(误)
汉宣帝刘询
三、被动语态和系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作;而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
This shop is clod at nine o'clock.(动作)
这家商店九点关门。
This shop is clod today. (状态)
这家商店今天不开门。
2.系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态结构中则没有。
Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)
王老师对我们很满意。
3.系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。
He is so worried about his exam.(系表结构)

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