Parataxis and Hypotaxis
Both parataxis and hypotaxis are methods for organizing languages, and they are the methods which not only have their own characteristics but also can be well get with each other from meanings to the detailed types of languages. Both of them are important topic in the Chine and English translation studies.
1 the characteristics of parataxis and hypotaxis in the organization of languages
Parataxis means that the connections between words and words or ntences and ntences briefly depend on the meanings of the languages or the logical relationship. However, hypotaxis, the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of claus with connectives, means that the connections mainly rely on the connection words or the linguistic form of the languages.
From the sight of the linguistics, the most important difference between Chine and English is that the difference between parataxis and hypotaxis.
2 the 我是垂钓者reprentations of parataxis and hypotaxis
Professor Wang Li said that in Chine, we usually just make n what we said to others, instead of using connective words. And when we study Chine, we should start from the structure of language images, and that is to say, we should understand what the Chine零是正数还是负数 people were thinking when they said something to you.
On the contrary, in English, when we are making a complicated ntence, we must u some connective words to express our ideas. Tho connective words includes words such as and, but, or, becau, so, however, therefore, that, which, of, to, with, and so on. So the relationship between word and word can’t be understood like Chine, but be referred by an objective word. For example, “Don’t come in until 印度有多少人I call you.” In this ntence, the relationships between the two actions “come” and “call” must be referred by the connective word “until”, thus there couldn’t be any misunderstandings. However, to express the same meaning with English ntence “Don’t come in until I call you”, in Chine, we just say “不叫你不要进来”, without any connective words.
Here is one more example.
[1] I网络市场调研t ems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us.
长袖善舞All in all, for parataxis and hypotaxis, some experts have made some wonderful metaphors, such as, the English ntence is like a tree, a bunch of grapes, a tree of lynches, while the Chine ntence is like a bamboo, a dish of pearl停车场设计方案. The progress of translating Chine into English is like translating something like bamboo into something like the big tree. And this kind of translation, from the sight of form, is changing the long ntence in Chine into a short one in English, during which, the most important thing is that understanding all kinds of logical relationships in Chine and then translating them into English with all kinds of methods of form.
3 the details in Chine and English translation
The characteristic of Chine ntence structure is paradoxical linkage, and the most important thing you should do while translating is that you should understand what are entity concepts, and put them in the main clau, and what are objective descriptions, the backgrounds of the whole ca, the conditions of the ca, or the objective descriptions of the ca, and you should put the objective things into claus or regard them as words or phras. Detailed speaking, there are veral methods for translation.
3.1 translating into a ntence with claus
[2] 她们妯娌吵嘴，不巧被我撞见了。
I chanced to be prent when the sisters-in-law were having a quarrel.
3.2 translating into s ntence with preparation phras
[3]好不容易才说服她，照我的想法办。
With some difficulty I brought her round to my way of thinking.
3.3 translating into a ntence with participles or infinitive structures
[4]只见那个理发师俯下身，听小姑娘说，他要什么发式。
Leaning down to hear the little girl, the barber listened to her about the style she wanted.
[5]对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。
You have little cau to make excessive demands from others and make yourlf disappointed in return.
3.4 translating into a ntence with 怀才不遇composite structure
[6]酒不醉人人自醉。
It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himlf drunk.
[7]人到醉时方觉醒，醒时难得醉时清。
It is not until one gets drunk that he gets sober and it is difficult for him to get as sober as
he gets drunk.
What we should concern about is that when we are translating works between Chine and English, we do not u just one method among tho. Usually, we will u veral methods in order to translating a ntence more accurately. Here are some examples.
