SATISFACTION WITH LIFE SCALE Reference:
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larn, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Asssment, 49, 71-75.
Description of Measure:
A 5-item scale designed to measure global cognitive judgments of one’s life satisfaction (not a measure of either positive or negative affect).
Participants indicate how much they agree or disagree with each of the 5 items using a 7-point scale that ranges from 7 strongly agree to 1 strongly disagree.
Abstracts of Selected Related Articles:
线段的性质Pavot, W. G., Diener, E., Colvin, C. R., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Further validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures. Journal of Personality Asssment, 57, 149-161.
The structure of subjective well-being has been conceptualized as consisting of two
major components: the emotional or affective component and the judgmental or
cognitive component (Diener, 1984; Veenhoven, 1984). The judgmental component
has also been conceptualized as life satisfaction (Andrews & Withey, 1976).
Although the affective component of subjective well-being has received considerable attention from rearchers, the judgmental component has been relatively neglected.
The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmnos, Larn, & Griffin, 1985) was developed as a measure of the judgmental component of subjective well-being
(SWB). Two studies designed to validate further the SWLS are reported. Peer
reports, a memory measure, and clinical ratings are ud as external criteria for
validation. Evidence for the reliability and predictive validity of the SWLS is
prented, and its performance is compared to other related scales. The SWLS is
shown to be a valid and reliable measure of life satisfaction, suited for u with a
wide range of age groups and applications, which makes possible the savings of新年新气象的作文
interview time and resources compared to many measures of life satisfaction. In
addition, the high convergence of lf- and peer-reported measures of subjective
well-being and life satisfaction provide strong evidence that subjective well-being is
a relatively global and stable phenomenon, not simply a momentary judgment bad
on fleeting influences.
Pavot, W. G., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Asssment, 5, 164-172.工程技术研究中心
The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was developed to asss satisfaction with
the respondent's life as a whole. The scale does not asss satisfaction with life
domains such as health or finances but allows subjects to integrate and weight the domains in whatever way they choo. Normative data are prented for the scale,
which shows good convergent validity with other scales and with other types of
asssments of subjective well-being. Life satisfaction as assd by the SWLS
shows a degree of temporal stability (e.g., .54 for 4 years), yet the SWLS has shown sufficient nsitivity to be potentially valuable to detect change in life satisfaction
during the cour of clinical intervention. Further, the scale shows discriminant
validity from emotional well-being measures. The SWLS is recommended as a
complement to scales that focus on psychopathology or emotional well-being becau it asss an individuals' conscious evaluative judgment of his or her life by using the person's own criteria.
Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz L., Diener, M. (1993). The relationship between income subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? Social Indicators Rearch, 28, 195-223.
Although it appears that income and subjective well-being correlate in within-
win7图片country studies (Diener, 1984), a debate has focud on whether this relationship is relative (Easterlin, 1974) or absolute (Veenhoven, 1988, 1991). The absolute
argument advanced by Veenhoven states that income helps individuals meet certain universal needs and therefore that income, at least at lower levels, is a cau of
subjective well-being. The relativity argument is bad on the idea that the impact of income or other resources depends on changeable standards such as tho derived from expectancies, habituation levels, and social comparisons. Two studies which
empirically examine the positions are prented: one bad on 18 032 college
studies in 39 countries, and one bad on 10 year longitudinal data in a probability sample of 4 942 American adults. Modest but significant correlations were found in the U.S. between income and well-being, but the cross-country correlations were
larger. No evidence for the influence of relative standards on income was found: (1) Income change did not produce effects beyond the effect of income level per , (2)
African-Americans and the poorly educated did not derive greater happiness from
specific levels of income, (3) Income produced the same levels of happiness in poorer and richer areas of the U.S., and (4) Affluence correlated with subjective well-being both across countries and
within the U.S. Income appeared to produce lesr
increas in subjective well-being at higher income levels in the U.S., but this
pattern was not evident across countries. Conceptual and empirical questions about the universal needs position are noted. Suggestions for further explorations of the
relativistic position are offered.
Scale:
Instructions: Below are five statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item by placing the appropriate number on the line preceding that item. Plea be open and honest in your responding.
•7 - Strongly agree
• 6 - Agree
• 5 - Slightly agree
• 4 - Neither agree nor disagree
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• 3 - Slightly disagree
• 2 - Disagree
• 1 - Strongly disagree
____ In most ways my life is clo to my ideal.
____ The conditions of my life are excellent.
____ I am satisfied with my life.
____ So far I have gotten the important things I want in life.
____ If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.
Scoring:
Though scoring should be kept continuous (sum up scores on each item), here are some cut-offs to be ud as benchmarks.
慎重拼音
▪31 - 35 Extremely satisfied
足球高峰▪26 - 30 Satisfied
▪21 - 25 Slightly satisfied
▪20 Neutral
▪15 - 19 Slightly dissatisfied
美国社区
▪10 - 14 Dissatisfied
▪ 5 - 9 Extremely dissatisfied
