Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

People from various ethnic groups reside in the United Kingdom. Migration from what are now the Northern European states has been happening for millennia, with other groups such as British Jews also well established. Since World War II, substantial immigration from the New Commonwealth, Europe, and the rest of the world has altered the demography of many cities in the United Kingdom.

Contents

1 History

2 Official classification of ethnicity

3 2001 Census ethnicity results

4 Multiculturalism and integration

4.1 Attitudes to multiculturalism

5 See also

6 References

History

Historically, British people were thought to be descended from the varied ethnic stocks that ttled there before the 11th century; the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Nor and the Normans.[1] Recent analysis indicates that the majority of the traceable ancestors of the modern British population arrived between 15,000 and 7,500 years ago and that the British broadly share a common ancestry with the Basque people,[2] although there is no connsus amongst geneticists.[3]

Britain has a long history of migration, with Liverpool having the oldest black population in the country, dating back to at least the 1730s,[4] and the oldest Chine community in Europe, dating to the arrival of Chine amen in the 19th century.[5] Many Huguenots arrived in Britain as refugees from France in the late 17th century[6] and the 19th century witnesd considerable immigration of Irish people and Jews.[1] After World War Two, substantial migration from Africa, the Caribbean and South Asia was a legacy of the British Empire,[7][8] but there was also substantial immigration from European countries including Poland.[1][9] More recently, migration flows have diversified, which has

led some academics to coin the term "super-diversity" to describe the UK population's composition.[10][11]

Official classification of ethnicity

Main article: Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom

The 2001 UK Census classified ethnicity into veral groups: White, Black, Asian, Mixed, Chine and Other.[12][13] The categories form the basis for all National Statistics ethnicity statistics.[13]

2001 Census ethnicity results

According to the 2001 Census, the ethnic composition of the United Kingdom was:[14]

Ethnic group Population Proportion of total UK population

White54,153,89892.1%

Mixed race677,117 1.2%

Indian1,053,411 1.8%

Pakistani747,285 1.3%

Bangladeshi283,0630.5%

Other Asian (non-

247,6440.4%

Chine)

Black Caribbean565,876 1.0%

Black African485,2770.8%

Black (others)97,5850.2%

Chine247,4030.4%

Other230,6150.4%

Ethnicity data was not collected for Northern Ireland in the 1991 Census, making comparison between 1991 and 2001 impossible for the UK. Data was collected for Great Britain and comparison shows that the ethnic minority population there grew from 3.0 million in 1991 to 4.6 million in 2001, a ri of 53 per cent.[15] People of mixed ethnicity are the fastest growing of the ethnic groups categorid by the Office for National Statistics.[16]

Multiculturalism and integration

With considerable migration after the Second World War making the UK an increasingly ethnically and racially diver state, race relations policies have been developed that broadly reflect the principles of multiculturalism, although there is no official national commitment to multiculturalism.[17][18][19] This model has faced criticism on the grounds that it has failed to sufficiently promote social

integration,[20][21][22] although some commentators have questioned the dichotomy between divers

ity and integration that this critique presumes.[21] It has been argued that the UK government has since 2001, moved away from policy characterid by multiculturalism and towards the assimilation of minority communities.[23]

Attitudes to multiculturalism无锡灵山