无机元素化学的常见矿物和化合物的俗名 | ||
化合物 | 英文名 | 化学式 |
锂 | Lithium | Li |
锂辉石 | Spodumene | Li2O•Al2O3•4SiO2 |
锂云母 | Lepidolite | K(Li,Al)2.5-3[Si3.5-3Al0.5-1O10](OH,F)2 |
透锂长石 | Petalite | Li[AlSi4O10] |
锂硼氢 | Lithium Borohydride | LiBH4 |
钠 | Sodium | Na |
小苏打、焙烧苏打、重碱 | Saleratus | NaHCO3 |
苏打、碱面 | Soda | Na2CO3 |
口碱、精碱 | Na2CO3•10H2O | |
苛性钠、火碱、烧碱 | Caustic Soda | NaOH |
天然碱石 | Na2CO3•NaHCO3•H2O | |
芒硝、皮硝、朴硝、马牙硝 | Mirabilite/Glauber Salt | Na2SO4•10H2O点菜员 |
无水芒硝、元明粉、玄明粉、烤硝 | Sodium Sulfate | Na2SO4 |
钠硝石、智利硝石 | Saltpetre | NaNO3 |
钠矾、铝钠矾 | Soda Alum/Sodium Alum | NaAl(SO4)2•12H2O |
山奈 | Sodium Cyanide | NaCN |
钠长石 | Albite/Soda Feldspar | Na[AlSi3O8] |
食盐 | Sodium Chloride | NaCl |
钾 | Potassium | K |
钾碱、草碱 | Potash | K2CO3 |
苛性钾 | Caustic Potash | KOH |
硝石、钾硝石、火硝、土硝 | Saltpeter | KNO3 |
钾石盐 | Sylvine | KCl•NaCl |
钾长石 | Potash Feldspar/K-feldspar | K[AlSi3O8] |
光卤石 | Carnallite | KCl•MgCl2•6H2O |
铷 | Rubidium | Rb |
铯 | Cesium | Cs |
铯榴石 | pollucite | Cs2O•Al2O3•4SiO2•nH2O |
铵 | Ammonium | NH4 |
碳铵、臭起子 | Ammonium Bicarbonate | NH4HCO3 |
硝铵 | Ammonium Nitrate | NH4NO3 |
硫铵 | Ammonium Soleplate | (NH4)2SO4 |
盐脑、电气药粉 | Ammonium Chloride | NH4Cl |
安福粉 | Ammophos | NH4H2PO4(75%)+(NH4)2HPO4(25%) |
铍 | Beryllium | Be |
金绿宝石 | Chrysoberyl | Be(AlO2)2 |
变石(含有Cr2O3) | Alexandrite | Be(AlO2)2 |
绿柱石 | Beryl | 3BeO•Al2O3•6SiO2 |
镁 | Magnesium | Mg |
苦土、烧苦土 | Magnesia | MgO |
菱苦土矿(菱镁矿) | Magnesite | MgCO3 |
泻盐、泻利盐、苦盐 | Epsom Salt | MgSO4•7H2O |
卤盐 | Magnesium Chloride | MgCl2 |
钙 | Calcium | Ca |
生石灰 | Calces | CaO |
熟石灰、硝石灰 | White Lime | Ca(OH)2 |
漂白粉 | Bleaching Powder | Ca(ClO)2+CaCl•Ca(OH)2•H2O |
漂白精 | Calcium Hypochlorite | Ca(ClO)2 |
大理石、方解石、石灰石、白垩 | Marble/Calcite/Limestone/Chalk | CaCO3 |
白云石 | Dolomite | CaCO3•MgCO3 |
萤石、氟石 | Fluorite | CaF2 |
钙硝石、石灰硝石、挪威硝石 | Kalk Saltpeter | Ca(NO3)2 |
生石膏、石膏 | Gypsum | CaSO4•2H2O |
熟石膏、烧石膏、锻石膏、雪花石膏 | Dried Plaster | 2CaSO4•H2O |
硬石膏、无水石膏 | Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
石灰氮 | Nime Nitrogen | CaCN2 |
醋石 | Acetate of Lime | Ca(CH3COO)2 |
普钙 | Single Superphosphate Fertilizer | Ca(H2PO4)2+CaSO4•2H2O |
重钙 | Coar Whiting | Ca(H2PO4)2 |
电石 | Calcium Carbide | CaC2 |
锶 | Strontium | Sr |
天青石 | Celestite | SrSO4 |
锶恶石 | Strontium Carbonate | SrCO3 |
钡 | Barium | Ba |
钡白、重晶石 | Barium White | BaSO4 |
锌钡白、立德粉 | Lithopone | ZnS•BaSO4 |
毒重石、钡恶石 | Witherite | BaCO3 |
钪 | Scandium | Sc |
钪钇石 | Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
钪氧 | Scandia | Sc2O3 |
钛 | Titanium | Ti |
钛酸 | Titanic Acid | H2TiO3或Ti(OH)3 |
钛白粉、金红石、板钛矿、锐钛矿 | Titanium Pigment | TiO2 |
钛铁矿 | Ilmenite | FeTiO3 |
钙钛矿 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
榍石 | Titanite | CaTiSiO5 |
钒 | Vanadium | V |
绿硫钒矿 | Patronite | VS2或V2S5 |
铅钒矿、褐铅矿 | Vanadinite | Pb5[VO4]3Cl |
钒云母 | Roscoelite | KV2[AlSi3O10](OH)2 |
钒酸钾铀矿 | Carnotite | K2[UO2]2[VO4]2•3H2O |
偏钒酸铵 | Ammonium Metavanadate | NH4VO3 |
铬 | Chromium | Cr |
铬黄、铅铬黄、铬铅矿 | Yellow Chrome | PbCrO4 |
铬红 | Chrome Red | PbCrO4•PbO |
铬矾、铬钾矾 | Chromic Potassium Alum | KCr(SO4)2•12H2O |
铵铬矾 | Ammonium Chromic Alum | NH4Cr(SO4)2•12H2O |
红矾钾 | Potassium Bichromate | 一呜惊人K2Cr2O7 |
红矾钠 | Sodium Bichromate | Na2Cr2O7 |
红钒铵 | Ammonium Bichromate | (NH4)2Cr2O7 |
铬铁矿 | Chromite | FeCr2O4 |
铬赭石 | Chromium Ochre | Cr2O3 |
铬钾石 | Tarapacaite | K2CrO4 |
镁铬铁矿 | Magnesian Chromite | (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4 |
钼 | Molybdenum | Mo |
辉钼矿 | Molybdenite 紧张的反义词 | MoS2 |
钨 | Tungsten | W |
白钨矿 | Scheelite | CaWO4 |
黑钨矿 | Walframite | FeWO4和MnWO4 |
锰 | Mangane | Mn |
软锰矿、黝锰矿 | Gray Mangane Ore | MnO2 |
黑锰矿 | Hausmannite | Mn3O4 |
方锰矿 | Manganosite | MnO |
双锰矿、褐锰矿 | Braunite | Mn2O3 |
水锰矿 | Manganite | Mn2O3•H2O |
硬锰矿 | Isiganeite | mMnO•MnO2•nH2O |
菱锰矿 | Dialogite | MnCO3 |
锰矾 | Szmikite | MnSO4•7H2O |
灰锰氧 | Potassium Permanganate | KMnO4 |
铁 | Iron | Fe |
铁丹、铁红、土铁、铁朱、赭石、赤铁矿 | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
铁黄(氧化铁黄) | Ferrite Yellow | Fe2O3•xH2O |
铁黑(氧化铁黑)、磁铁矿 | Iron Oxide Black | Fe3O4 |
褐铁矿 | Limonite | 2Fe2O3•3H2O |
菱铁矿 | Siderite | FeCO3 |
黄铁矿、硫铁矿白铁矿 | Fool’s Gold | FeS2 |
绿矾、皂矾、苦矾 | Copperas | FeSO4•7H2O |
铁矾、钾铁矾 | Iron Vitriol/Krausite | KFe(SO4)2•12H2O |
亚铁矾、钾亚铁矾 | K2Fe(SO4)2•6H2O | |
铵铁矾 | Ammonium Ferric Alum | NH4Fe(SO4)2•12H2O |
铵亚铁矾、莫尔盐 | Mohr's salt | (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2•6H2O |
黄血盐 | Potassium Ferrocyanide | K4[Fe(CN)6] |
赤血盐 | Potassium Ferricyanide | K3[Fe(CN)6] |
赤血盐钠 | Sodium Ferricyanide | Na3[Fe(CN)6] |
普鲁士蓝/滕式蓝 | Prussian Blue/ | [Fe(CN)6]4- |
钴 | Cobalt | Co |
钴华 | Erythrite | Co(AsO4)2•8H2O |
钴蓝 | Cobalt Blue | Co(AlO2)2 |
赤矾、碧矾 | Red Vitriol | CoSO4•7H2O |
辉钴矿 | Cobaltite | CoAsS |
镍 | Nickel | Ni |
红镍矿 | Red Nickel Ore | NiAs |
镍黄铁矿 | Nicopyrite | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
针镍矿 | Millerite | NiS |
镍矾 | Retgersite | NiSO4•7H2O或NiSO4•6H2O |
铜 | Cuprum | Cu |
金粉、铜粉 | Bronze Powder | Cu和少量Zn、Al、Sn的合金粉 |
黄铜矿 | Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
赤铜矿 | Cuprite | Cu2O |
辉铜矿 | Chalcocite | Cu2S |
斑铜矿 | Bornite | Cu3FeS4 |
王铜 | Copper Oxychloride | CuCl2•3Cu(OH)2 |
胆矾、蓝矾、铜矾、胆石 | Bluestone | CuSO4•5H2O |
铜绿、绿石、孔雀石 | Patina | Cu(OH)2•CuCO3 |
蓝铜矿 | Azurite | 2CuCO3•Cu(OH)2 |
银 | Argentine | |
辉银矿(与方铅矿共生) | Argentite | Ag2S |
金(存在于岩石(岩脉金)或沙砾(冲击金)) | Aurum | Au |
锌 | Zinc | Zn |
蓝粉 | Blue Powder/Zinc Dust | Zn |
锌白(锌华)、锌氧粉 | Chine White/Zinc White | ZnO |
锌钡白 | Lithopone | ZnS•BaSO4 |
锌黄、锌铬黄 | Buttercup Yellow/ Zinc Yellow | ZnCrO4 |
皓矾 | Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate | ZnSO4•7H2O |
炉甘石、菱锌矿 | Calamine | ZnCO3 |
红锌矿 | Zincite | ZnO |
闪锌矿、纤锌矿 | Blende | ZnS |
镉 | Cadmium | Cd |
镉红 | Cadmium Red | CdS、CdSe、BaSO4混合组成 |
镉黄 | Cadmium Yellow | CdS为主,掺有BaSO4混合组成 |
汞 | Hydrargyrum | Hg |
甘汞、低汞 | Calomel | Hg2Cl2 |
升汞、高汞 | Corrosive Sublimate | HgCl2 |
朱砂、辰砂、丹砂、银朱 | Vermilion | HgS |
三仙丹、升药(红氧化汞、黄氧化汞、橙红石) | Hydrargyrum Oxydatum Crudum | HgO |
雷汞 | Fulminate | Hg(ONC)2 |
奈斯特试剂 | Nestor Reagent | K2[HgI4]与KOH的混合液 |
硼 | Boron | B |
硼砂、西月石 | Borax | Na2B4O7•10H2O |
镁硼石 | Holtonite | Mg3(BO3)2 |
硼镁石 | Szaibelyite | Mg2B2O5•H2O(2MgO•B2O3•H2O) |
方硼石 | Boric Spar | 2Mg3B8O15•MgCl2 |
乙硼烷 | Diborane | B2H6 |
正硼酸 | Orthoboric Acid教师退休工资 | H3BO3(B2O3•3H2O) |
偏硼酸 | Metaboric Acid | HBO2(B2O3•H2O) |
四硼酸、焦硼酸 | Pyroboric Acid/Tetraboric Acid | H2B4O7(B2O3•3H2O) |
硼酐 | Boric Anhydride | B2O3 |
白石墨 | White Graphite | BN |
铝 | Aluminium | Al |
银粉、铝粉 | Aluminum Powder | Al |
矾土刚玉、刚玉、白玉 | Corundum/White Jake | Al2O3 |
水铝石 | Diaspore | Al2O3•H2O |
水铝氧 | Gibbsite | Al2O3•3H2O |
钾明矾、明矾 | Alunite(mineral)/Rock Alum | KAl(SO4)2•12H2O |
枯矾、烧明矾 | Dried Alum | KAl(SO4)2 |
铵矾、铵铝矾 | Aluminium Ammonium Sulfate | NH4Al(SO4)2•12H2O |
冰晶石 | Cryolite | Na3AlF6 |
碳 | Carbon | C |
光气 | Phosgene | CoCl2 |
溴光气 | Bromophosgene | CoBr2 |
尿素 | Carbamide | Co(NH2)2 |
电石 | Calcium Carbide | CaC2 |
金刚砂 | Carborundum | SiC |
硅 | Silicon | Si |
石英、马牙石、玛瑙、水晶 | Quartz | SiO2 |
白炭黑 | Carbon-white | SiO2•nH2O |
硅胶 | Silica Gel | mSiO2•nH2O |
泡花碱、水玻璃 | Sodium Silicate | Na2SiO龙猫电影的寓意3(或Na2•mSiO2) |
石棉 | Asbestos | CaO•3MgO•4SiO2 |
沸石 | Zeolite | 校园搞笑Na2O•Al2O3•3SiO2•2H2O |
云母 | Isinglass | K2O•3Al2O3•6SiO2•2H2O |
滑石 | Pencil Stone | 3MgO•4SiO2•H2O |
高岭土 | Kaolin | Al2O3•2SiO2•2H2O |
石榴石 | 玉米怎么煮好吃Garnet | 3CaO•Al2O3•3SiO2 |
长石 | Feldspar | K2O•Al2O3•6SiO2 |
硬玉 | Jadeite | NaAl(SiO3)2 |
锡 | Stannum | Sn |
锡石 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
铅 | Lead/Plumbum | Pb |
黄丹、密陀僧 | Massicot/Yellow Lead | PbO |
铅丹、红丹、红铅 | Lead Orthoplumbate | Pb3O4 |
铅矾 | Lead Spar | PbSO4 |
黄铅矿 | Lanarkite | PbSO4•PbO |
铅白、白铅粉 | Flake White | 2PbCO3•Pb(OH)2 or xPbCO3•Pb(OH)2 |
铅糖 | Lead Sugar | Pb(CH3COO)2•3H2O |
方铅矿 | Galena | PbS |
硅铅石 | PbSiO3 | |
硅铅矿 | Barysilite | Pb3Si2O7 |
硅铅铁矿 | Melanotekite | Pb2Fe2Si2O9 |
硅铅灰石 | PbCa2Si3O12 | |
青铅矿 | Linarite | (Pb,Cu)SO4•(Pb,Cu)(OH)2 |
白铅矿 | White Lead | PbCO3 |
珠光粉 | Fish Scale Powder | PbCO3•2Pb(OH)2 |
汉堡白 | Hamburger White | 2PbCO3•Pb(OH)2+BaSO4 |
氮 | Nitrogen | N |
肼 | Hydrazine | N2H4 |
异肼 | ||
磷 | Phosphorus | P |
膦 | Phosphine | PH3 |
氟磷灰石 | Fluor Apatite | Ca(PO4)3F |
羟基磷灰石 | Hydroxyapatite | Ca(PO4)3OH |
联磷 | P2H4 | |
焦磷酸 | Pyrophosphoric Acid | H4P2O7 |
偏磷酸 | Metaphosphoric Acid | (HPO3)n |
亚磷酸 | Phosphorous Acid | H3PO3 |
次磷酸 | Hypophosphorous Acid | H3PO2 |
砷 | Arnic | As |
胂 | Arsine | AsH3 |
白砒、砒霜、砷华、信石 | Arnic | As2O3 |
雄黄、雄精、鸡冠石<橘红色> | Arnic Sulphide | As2S2或As4S4 |
雌黄、砒黄<黄色> | Gamboge | As2S3 |
毒砂 | Arnopyrite | FeAsS |
锑 | Stibium | Sb |
锑白、锑氧、锑华 | Antimony Oxide | Sb2O3或Sb4O6 |
锑红 | Antimony Red | Sb2S5 |
锑黄 | Antimony Yellow | Pb3(SbO4)2 |
吐酒石 | Tartar Emetic | 2K(SbO)C4H4O6•H2O |
辉锑矿、闪锑矿 | Zinkenite | Sb2S3 |
硫 | Sulphur | S |
焦硫酸 | Dithionic Acid | H2S2O7 |
保险粉 | Sodium Hydrosulfite/Sodium Dithionite | Na2S2O4•2H2O |
大苏打、海波 | Hypo | Na2S2O3•5H2O |
硫化碱、臭碱 | Sodium Sulphide | Na2S•9H2O |
悲鸣洞穴硫钡粉 | BaS•Sx | |
其他 | ||
天然气、沼气、坑气 | Natural gas / Methane | CH4 |
电石气 | Acetylene | C2H2 |
福尔马林 | Formalin | HCHO 40%水溶液 |
蚁酸 | Formic Acid | HCOOH |
火棉 | Celloidin | 纤维素硝酸酯 |
电木 | Bakelite | 酚醛塑料和填料 |
电玉 | Urea Formaldehyde | 脲醛塑料和填料 |
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