翻译硕士英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷30
(总分100, 做题时间60分钟)
阅读理解
Below each of the following four passages you will find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most **pletes or answers each question in accordance with the meaning of the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(40 points).
(1)People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can t the table with impressive accuracy— one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.
Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table, and a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It ems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were cluded on a dert island at birth and retrieved ven years later, he or she could enter a cond-grade mathematics class without any rious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of cour, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were obrved as they slowly grasped—or as the ca might be bumped into—concepts that adults take for granted, as they refud, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract nu
mbers—the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than tting a table—is itlf far from innate.
** does the passage mainly discuss?
A 四六级出分时间
Trends in teaching mathematics to children.
B
名校排名
The u of mathematics in child psychology.
C
The development of mathematical ability in children.
D
The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.
** can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple counting______.
A
高中生家长评语soon after they learn to talk
B
by looking at the clock
C
when they begin to be mathematically mature
D
after they reach cond grade in school
** author implies that most small children believe that the quantity of water changes when it is transferred to a container of a different______.
A
color
B
quality
C
weight
D
shape
** to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils they______.
A
counted the number of pencils of each color
B
guesd at the total number of pencils
C
counted only the pencils of their favorite color
D
subtracted the number of red pencils from the number of blue pencils
** which of the following statements would the author be LEAST likely to agree?
A
Children naturally and easily learn mathematics.
纪录片文案B
Children learn to add before they learn to subtract.
C
Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical development.
D
Mathematical development is subtle and gradual.
(2)Human vision, like that of other primates, has evolved in an arboreal environment. In the den, complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to e well than to develop an acute n of smell. In the cour of evolution, members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view. Of mammals, only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is black to
the bull. Hors live in a monochrome world. Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans, though ants and honeybees are nsitive to them. Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays, unlike the rattlesnake, which has receptors tuned in to wavelengths longer than 0. 7 micron. The world would look eerily different if human eyes were nsitive to infrared radiation. Then, instead of the darkness of night we would be able to move easily in a strange, shadowless world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity. But human eyes excel in other ways. They are, in fact, remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color nsitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpasd even by sophisticated technical devices.
年会祝福词
** does the passage mainly discuss?
A
Ultraviolet rays.
B
Human vision.
C
Sight and smell.
D
The environment of primates.
** does the author mention the "tropical forest"?
A
To explain why primates have developed keen vision.
B
To suggest that primates need to e only the color green.
C
脚底蜕皮To give an example of environmental change.
D
纳西尔圣剑To indicate where large-eyed primates can be found.
** word "monochrome" is clost in meaning to which of the following?
A
Monotonous
B
Ultraviolet
C
牡丹的诗词One-dimension
D
One-color
** can be inferred from the passage that humans could move more easily at night if they______.
A
had a narrower field of vision
B
were color-blind
C
had infrared vision
D
lived in an arboreal environment
** to the passage, the ability of humans to distinguish color differences is______.
A
average
B
weak
C
excellent
D
variable
(3)According to some scientists, migratory birds should be able to withstand the winter. A bird's feathery coat is good insulation against the cold. Becau a bird is warm-blooded, its body temperature always remains constant, even if the temperature of its surroundings changes.
The factors that trigger migratory behavior in birds are difficult to explain. This behavior ems to be instinctive, not learned. For example many northern species leave their summer homes while the weather is still warm and the food supply plentiful. Young arctic terns born at the arctic breeding grounds will take off with the flock for distant lands they have never en.
Bird migrations are probably regulated by the glandular system. Scientists suspect that the changing length of the day is the factor that triggers migratory behavior. In an experiment, migratory birds were kept in artificially lighted rooms. It was found that if peri
ods of darkness were lengthened proportionately, the glands of the birds became active. The glands crete hormones, which are chemicals that control numerous body functions. Shorter periods of daylight em to change the hormone balance of birds, so that they retain more fat. This stored fat that provides the energy for a long flight. The same experiment revealed that the birds became more excited as the artificial night was lengthened. It is probably no coincidence that most flocks begin their migratory flights during the night.
