foot and meter

更新时间:2023-06-09 04:57:38 阅读: 评论:0

音步与格律
Monday, October 9, 2006 1:21:54 PM
My friend's reading notes
A poem has some stanzas, a stanza has some lines, a line has some foots, this foot is 音步。it's 'steps' of 'tone' according to its Chine meaning.
A foot has some accented parts and unaccented parts.(一个音步有几个重读音节和非重读音节),这里和宋词对照很容易理解。
中国的诗词有格律,英语诗歌里就是meter;
中国诗词有平仄,英语没有平仄但有重读音节arsis和非重读音节thesis,arsis 和 thesis 按照一定的规律组合,我们叫foot-音步;
中国诗词的平仄可以对照为English peom 里的thesis(非重读)和arsis(重读),理解成为轻重。
例如:
中国诗词里的平仄,(我为了便于理解),英语里就是抑扬(轻重)- iambic
平平仄,英语poetry 里就是抑抑扬(轻轻重)- anapaest
仄平,英语poetry 里就是扬抑(重轻)- trochee
仄仄平,英语poetry里就是扬抑抑(重重轻)- dactyl
还有spondee,pyrrhic等。
一个音步是一组抑扬(thesis-arsis)或者扬抑(arsis-thesis)或者扬抑抑(arsis-thesis-thesis)等构成;
那么一句话里有5个foots就是五音步(pentameter);
一句话里的5个foots 都是用抑扬(轻重,thesis-arsis)这样的格律结合起来,就叫做五音步抑扬格;

音步:
一音步 monometer国画图片
二音步 dimeter
三音步 trimeter
四音步 tetrameter
五音步 pentameter
绞丝旁加乞六音步 hexameter
七音步 heptameter
八音步 octameter

格律:

抑扬格Iambus
扬抑格Trochee
扬抑抑格Dactyl
抑抑扬格Anapaest
抑扬抑格Amphibrach
扬扬格Spondee
抑抑格Pyrrhic
用抑扬格Iambus和五音步pentameter的组合手法写出来的诗歌就是五音步抑扬格iambus p
entameter.

Well, we have known the terms, now let's e 墓园挽歌 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

"ELEGY WRITTEN IN
A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD"

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,
And all the air a solemn stillness holds,
Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,
And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds:

Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tower
The moping owl does to the moon complain
Of such as, wandering near her cret bower,
Molest her ancient solitary reign.

...

By Thomas Gray (1716-71).


Take the first stanza as example to explain how to appreciate iambus pentameter.

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

Usually there are 10 syllables in a line of iambus pentamter, let me try to devide the lines into foots, as:

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
1)The cur 2) few tolls 3) the knell 4) of part 5)ing day

The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
1)The low 2) ing herd 3) winds slow4) ly o'er 5)the lea,

The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
1)The plough四种安全色2) man home3) ward plods 4) his wea温暖英文 5) ry way,

And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
1)And leaves 2)the world 3) to 多动症有哪些症状dark 4) ness and 5) to me.

black color- thesis (轻读), red color -arsis (重读), make each line 5个轻重/轻重/轻重/轻重/轻重
1)2)3)4)5)- 5 foots - pentameter - 轻重/轻重/轻重/轻重/轻重

When you read this poem, plea make beats with you hands, a clap when read red part, and stress on it, or tap you feet on the ground, stress on red part when recite. You may understand what's 抑扬格。

值得注意的是最后一句,有两个 and, 第一个and 轻读(短读),第二个重读(长读)。这样这首诗歌就读出味道了。具体应该感觉到是1)滴答2)滴答3)滴答4)滴答5)滴答 的
感觉.
1)And leaves 2)the world 3) to 投资炒股dark 4) ness and 5) to me

顺便说一下,sonnet 通常为抑扬格,这就是为什么我们听广播里的诗歌朗诵,最后一个单词读得重读得长。鸭血汤怎么做好吃

---By CalmSea
要了解它的格律,首先要明了“音步”和“韵律”这两个概念。
1.
音步(Foot):英诗中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。
一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节,但不能少于两个或多于三个音节,而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英文诗歌的格律就是将它的句子划分成音步,并分清是何种音步及音步的数量。这个过程称为scansion。
如:诗句 “From fairest creatures we desire increa” 要是分成音步的话,就变成了这个样子:
Fro-m fai*re-st crea*ture-s we* de-sire* i-ncrea*
上面“-”表示它前面是轻读音节,而“*”则表示它前面是重读音节。我们于是看出:上面的句子共有五个音步,每个音步都是由前轻读后重读的两个音节组成,这样的音节被称为“抑扬格”。颇有点唐诗的“平仄”的味道,但又有本质上的不同。我们还看出:一个音步不必等于一个单词。
根据音步的数量,每一行一个音步的称为“单音步”(monometer);每一诗行有两个音步的,称“双音步”(dimeter);三个音步的,称“三音步”(trimeter);此外还有四音步(tetrameter)、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。
2.
韵律(Metre): 韵律是指音步在朗读时的轻重长短的节奏或规律,这要依据音步所含音节的数量及重读音节的位置来区分。传统英诗的音步有六种。即:
抑扬格(Iambus)
扬抑格(Trochee)
抑抑扬格(Anapaest)
扬抑抑格(Dactyl)
抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)
扬抑扬格(Dactyl)
“抑”为轻读音节,“扬”为重读音节。“扬抑格”即一个音步有两个音节,前面的音节重读,后面的轻读。同理,“扬抑扬格”即一个音步有三个音节,最前的音节重读,中轻读,后重读。
过年吓唬人

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