1. Romanticism喊冤叫屈: It was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment. It was influenced by three revolution: American and French revolutions, national liberation movements and democratic movements swept across many European countries.The esnce of it is the glorification of instinct and emotion, a deep veneration of nature, and a flaming zeal to remark the world.
2.Romantic movement: characteristic--subjectivism\spontaneity\singularity\worship of nature\simplicity\dominating note of melancholy\poets outpoured their feelings and emotions1966年什么命
3.Luddite movement: it is a machine-breaking movement named after Ned Ludd. With the invention of new machines, many skilled workers were replaced by women and children. Workers organized themlves and gave voice to their distress by breaking machines. The riots lated from 1811 to 1818.
4. Ballad: (1)a narrative poet that tells a story.(2) the beginning is often abrupt(3)have strong dramatic elements(4)often told through dialogue and action(5)the theme is often trag
ic(6) ballad meter:contains four-line stanzas. The odd numbered lines have four feet each and the even numbered lines have three feet each.Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines. And there is often a refrain at the end of each stanza.
5. Byronic heroes: are men with fiery passions and unbending will and express the poet's own ideal of freedom. The heroes ri against tyranny and injustice, but they are merely lone fighters striving for personal freedom and some individualistic ends.
6. Lyrical poets: the cavaliers were royalists,who poetry was marked by courtliness,urbanity,and polish.(the theme is carpe diem,17th at the court reflected the extravanvgance and moral looness of court life)
7.Petrarchan sonnet: consists of an octave and a stet, and the rhyme scheme is abba,abba,cdcdcd. first eight lines--an octave(abba abba)--rai problems;next six lines--a stet(cde cde)--answer to the theme.
8. Ode: in ancient literature, it is an elaborate, lyrical poem compod for a chorus to cha
nt and to dance, to In modern u, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addresd to a person or celebrating an event.
9. Oxymoron: phra combining two emingly incompatible elements
10. Terza rima: was ud by Dante in The Divine Comedy. The first and third lines rhyme cond line is in rhyme with the fourth and sixth lines, the rhyme scheme being aba,bab,cdc,ded,ee. This linked chain gives a feeling of onward motion; the ver has a breathless quality which is in keeping with the onward motion of the wind's movement. The metrical pattern of each line is basically iambic pentameter.
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11.writers at Victorian period:(victorian literature truthfully reprents the reality and spirit of the age, vitality, down-to-earth, good natured humor and unbounded imagination--optimistic)
Novelist: George Eliot, Thomas Hardy
Pro writer: Thomas Carlyle, Mathew Arnold
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Poets: Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning
the early Victorian Period (ending around 1870) and the late Victorian Period. Writers associated with the early period are: Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892), Robert Browning (1812-1889), Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861), Emily Bronte (1818-1848), Matthew Arnold (1822-1888), Dante Gabriel Rostti (1828-1882), Christina Rostti (1830-1894), George Eliot (1819-1880), Anthony Trollope (1815-1882) and Charles Dickens (1812-1870).
Writers associated with the late Victorian Period include: George Meredith (1828-1909), Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889), Oscar Wilde (1856-1900), Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), A.E. Housman (1859-1936), and Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).
12. realism: writing that stress careful description of tting and trapping of daily life, psychological probability and the lives of ordinary people. Its practitioners believe they are prenting life"as it really is" Ibn's A Doll Hou is an example.完善的同义词>刘子玄
13. Dramatic monologue脚底经络图: perfected by Robert Browning, a type of poem, consists of a single speaker talking to one or more unen audience,revealing much more about the speaker than he or she ems to intend, know more the personality of speaker rather than what's talking about. Penetrates to depth the psychology of his characters and through their own speeches, analyze and discts his characters and reveals the innermost cret of their lives
14. anapaestic: in the first two line two unaccented syllables of each foot are omitted,but the time is prerved by the three long paus / (of a metric foot) characterized by two short syllables followed by a long one
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