U1 Essay 1
1. A tiny nocturnal mammal，it is dwarfed by enormous ears.
2. The biggest ear-to-body ratio s
3. That is, it has very big ears for its size.
4. It is said to be cute and comic.
5. not leastbecau our language so easily flips around.
6. “The jerboa” could designate a particular jerboa.
7. But the species, the collection with members of a certain type, may persist.
8. We recognize that there is something that counts asgoing well for an individual jerboa.
9. Prerving a species may, in fact, involve culling, or killing some members.
10. Prervation is justified on the grounds of the species’ value as an instrument to aid us.
11. Maybe their genetic information, one day, could aid development of pharmaceutical s.
12. Suppo the jerboa lakes such instrumental valuewith regard to ecology.
13. Suppo too that jerboa is so furtive, living in such inhospitable conditions.
14. We are finding value in the jerboa’s existence becau of its effects on human, albeit not directly experienced effects.
15. What is not fanciful is the thought that some things have intrinsic value.
16. just as it is to tame parts of nature
17.but for human interferences—as would be spectacular bridges, sculptures, and architecturally stunning galleries.
18. We value the prence of a variety of species.
19. Its value may be resting solely on the fact that we humans value it for its own sake.
20. It is difficult to get a grip on it when applied to a species.
21. Just think of tho ashores splattered with empty beer cans.
22. They offend the eye and detract from beauty.
U1 Essay 2
1.theraw material of her works
2. the thunderbolt and the tornado产假工资怎么算
3. the most convulsive throes of even the volcano
4. But she has left it within the power of man irreparably to derange the combinations of inorganic matter and organic life, which through the night of aeon s she had been proportion ing.
5. the absolute permanence and equilibrium of both
6.Indigenous vegetable and animal species are extirpate d, and supplant ed by others of foreign origin,spontaneous production is forbidden or restricted.
7. The face of the Earth is laid bare or covered with a new and reluctant growth of vegetable forms.
夜间的；哺乳动物；相形见绌
比例
也就是说
有趣的
尤其；翻来覆去
指定
坚持，存留
算是，被认为
选择（大批物品中剔除劣质货）
根据
药物
使用价值；关于
鬼鬼祟祟的，神秘的；荒凉的
即使，虽然
想象的，空想的
内在价值
驯服
壮观的
雕塑；惊人的
存在
唯一地
为了它的利益
抓住关键
浮出
冒犯；有损
原料
雷电；龙卷风
振动的痛苦挣扎（剧烈阵痛）；火山不能挽回地
极漫长的时期；使成比例
永久性和均衡
本土的；根除
替代；自然产物
揭露，公开
泰戈尔诗集读后感
犹豫的
8.but vast as is their magnitude
9. insignificant in comparison with the contingent and unsought results
10. and that he wield s energies to resist which nature
11. He is wholly impotent.
12. He is of more exalted parentage, and belongs to a higher order of existences, than tho which are born from her womb and live in blind submission to her dictate s.
大学生社区
13. There are brute destroyers.那种食物降血压
14. But this destruction is balanced by compensation s.
15.……is cured against being smother ed by the encroachment s.
16. The reproductive powers of species are always proportioned to the demand they are destined to supply.
17. Man pursues his victims with reckless destructiveness.
18. While the sacrifice of life by the lower animals is limited by the carvings of appetite, he unsparinglypercute s, even to extirpation, thousands of organic forms which he cannot consume.
19. but not only to the sustenance of wild animals.
20. except such mutual repression of excessive increa
21. The Earth would have remained undisturbed for indefinite periods.
22. the domestic animals
23. But man cannot subsist and ri to the full development of their higher properties, unless brutal and unconscious nature can be effectually combated, and, to a great degree, vanquish ed by human art.
24. He has fell ed the forests who network of fibrous roots bound the mould to the rocky skeleton of the earth; but had he allowed here and there a belt of woodland to reproduce itlf by spontaneous propagation.
25. Most of the mischief would have been averted.
26. A wi antiquity had constructed to neutralize the conquences of its own imprudence.
27. He has ruthlessly warred on all the tribes of animated nature who spoil he could convert to his own us.
28. until the impoverishment with which his exhaustion of the natural resources of the soil is threating him.
29. If not of restoring what has been wantonly wasted.
30. no noxious weed
31. enable him to entrap numbers of the animals
32. which would otherwi become the booty of beasts.
33. Man at once commence s an almost indiscriminate warfare.
U2 Essay 1
1.And the road to perdition has ever been accompanied by lip rvice to an ideal
2. The pupil was urged to actual performance.
3. the interpretation of a text
4. The same work may owe its origin to compulsion, thus, to that divine curiosity which every healthy child posss. 大小，量级
因情况而异的；未被要求的
而且；使用
完全无力的
尊贵的血统
子宫
盲目服从（submissive）；命令
残忍的，野兽般的
补偿
勿动抑制，窒息；入侵
分摊
注定的
鲁莽的，不计后果的破坏
牺牲
食欲；不宽恕的，慷慨的；迫害
消灭，根除
食物；生计
共同镇压
稳定的；不确定的，无限的
家养的
存在，供养(subsistence 自给（农业）) 性能，道具；残暴的
有效打击；征服，克服
砍；纤维的（fibrous），须根
模型
(v. propagate)繁殖，增殖
伤害，恶作剧
古物；抵消，中和
轻率
无情得；开战说对不起
破坏
安沂华
贫穷
肆意，放纵
有害的，有毒的
使陷入
……的战利品
开始；随意的战争
毁灭
门面话
学生
解释
把……归功于；强制
神圣的
5.have an influence upon the molding of the foundation
6. Such treatment destroys the sound ntiments.
7. Give into the power of the teacher the fewest possible coercive measures
8. with abnce ofmental stimulus of this kind
9. in order to induce the pupils to diligent work
10. Therefore, one should guard against preaching to the young man success in the customary n as the aim of life.
11. The point is to develop the childlike inclination for play.
12. If you have followed my meditations up to this point, you will probably wonder about one thing.
13. Should language predominate or the technical education in science?
14. the training of the manual skills
15. The demands of life are much too manifold to let such a specialized training in school appear possible.
16. What has been said here in a somewhat categorical form does not claim to mean more than the personal opinion.
U2 Essay 2
1.Imbuing them with values common to one democratic society.
2. The conclusions emerged from 72citizens’ forums held.
3. Founding came from charitable foundations.
4. The participants concur red that there were two main purpos.
5. But they consistently agreed on tho two purpos.
6. The purpo is being lost amid the emphasis on the first.
7. Civic learning ud to be woven throughout the curriculum.
8. The large influx of immigrants creates a special urgency.
9、a new civic educational curriculum that takes advantage of interactive technology while still being well-grounded in content 10. Thus, the public endor s fostering citizenship as a basic purpo of public education.
11. But most stand by silently as civic education is downgrade d.
12. Otherwi, we imperil the very existence of our democratic society.
U3 Essay 1
1.Proponent s of strict criminal legislation believe that nding juveniles to adult criminal courts, where they can receive a ntence of life in prison or even capital punishment,……
2. But it will also deter others from doing the same.
3. If a minor realizes that he might receive a lengthy prison term or even be executed for a crime, rather than being nt to a juvenile facility until the age of 18, then fear of retribution will cau him to think twice before participating in a crime.
4. Egocentrism can also lead young people into a mindt.
5. It discuss this “invincibility” in its report.
6. perception
7. The entire idea of stiff criminal penalties for juveniles rving as
a deterrent to antisocial behavior is flawed. 模型
健全的心智
强制的
除了，没了；心理刺激诱导
告诫
习惯的，通常的
爱好，倾向
思路，想法
主要的，卓越的
手工的
多方面的
绝对的
灌输
来自，从……中出现慈善的
同意
fat的反义词
一致地
在……过程中
交织；课程
涌入；紧急的事
交互式的；基础牢固的认可
站在一旁；降级
危及，使陷于危险
支持者
青少年
无期徒刑；死刑
阻止
未成年人；漫长的因……被处死
青少年管教机构；惩罚参与，犯（罪）
唯我主义；心态
无敌的
知觉
严厉的；处罚
遏制的，威胁的
8.Ironically, punishment may encourage lawbreakers to……
9. Jail time therefore becomes something to be endure d for many juveniles.
10. mete out capital punishment
11. on the surface
12. The more backlogged courts become.
13. Send many cas that have been waived to criminal court back to juvenile court.
14.Our strategy has created the optimum conditions for less stringent treatment for both juveniles and adult offender s.
15. non-incarcerated offenders
16.The likelihood that the experience will in any way rehabilitate them is remote.
17. Adult facilities can be nightmarish for young people, who are often subjected to assault and rape by older inmate s.
18. Juveniles can receive counling.
19. It might be prudent for legislators and courts to take a step back. U3 Essay 2
1.in reaction to the attempted assassination
2. the most effective way to stem growing violence in America
3. Gun registration doesn’t always work.
4. They are the “weapon of choice” in the commission of crime.
5., but having a gun handy to thwart attackers might
6. slump to the floor
7. Criminals will soon be more wary about preying on the innocent workers.
8. Thus, the threat of a bullet is much more likely to keep criminals from victimizing taxi drivers.
9. He shot the four young men accosting him.
10. He had been threatened before and complained, but to no avail.
11. Not even the most jaded youth is about to harass an individual if he believes that the individual will retaliate with greater fore power.
12. Even if the purpo of having the gun is recreational, such as hunting or target shooting, the guns in the homes are available for u when the home is invade d.
13. The owners may have to resort to violence.
14. their prospective victims
15. She put it bluntly in respon to a question.
U4 Essay 1
1.While there are strong objective arguments for the inevitability of continued modernization, the ca for the desirability of modernization has to be made.
2. Naturally, arguments are ldom clear cut.
3. Furthermore long-term gains may entail short-term costs.
4. There would appear to be a very general connsus.
5. Peasant s make up the vast majority of the population. 讽刺得
忍耐
给予
表面上
积压的
被遗弃（被移交）
最适宜的
严厉的；罪犯
狱外的（incarceration 监禁）
使康复
遥远的
可怕的
侵犯，强奸；同住者
咨询服务
谨慎的
暗杀
阻止
注册，登记
在犯罪中
反对
倒在
谨慎（be wary of）；掠夺，杀害
子弹
victimize 使受害
(以不怀好意的态度)上前和（陌生人）说话完全没用
令人不舒服的；困扰
报复
娱乐的，消遣的
可以加以应用
入侵
诉诸于，采取，依靠
潜在的，未来的，预期的
坦率得
必然性
可取之处
明确
需要
一致
农民；巨大的，大量的
6. The peasants are actually-starving for considerable periods.
7. Subsistence agriculture leaves very little margin for bad (famine) years and much food is expropriate d by the ruling class.
8. Peasants are physically stunted and have their lives made short by malnutrition and the dias of poor hygiene.
9. The mass of people in modernizing societies are larger in stature.
10. anthropologist
11. They have the ability to transmit the advantages.
12. The comparison is complicated by the fact.
13. For veral decades this generated appalling conditions.
14. certain phas of “modernization”
15. on a cusp between hierarchical, rigid and authoritarian traditional societies and modular, chaotic and vocationally-fragmented modernization
16. In a nutshell, hunter-gatherers require coercion.
U4 Essay 2
1.Pundit s have worried that globalization will result in flattening and homogenization.
2. It is alleged that technologies will tend to obliterate or water down the cultural lives that have been embedded in geographically and philosophically isolated traditions.
3. Sentiment against global market is most powerful.
4. The idea strikes at his very esnce.
5. infiltration of foreign customs
6. Criticscontend that a free marketplace merely gives licen to our ba and short terms desires.
7. The market itlf bears values to unsuspecting consumes.
8. for at least three intertwined reasons
9. In a mass market, producers differentiate products through the pricing power.
10. The “mass” refers to the attribute s of consumers.
11. differentiate their products along dimension s other than price
12. One can aspire to novelty.
13. Sellers in a large market can target niche markets with high quality and specialty goods.
14. But meanings are not static.
15. The dilution of meaning may itlf be a source of some concern.
16. The wider culture comes to remble them.
17. the myriad cultural
18. Subcultural framework in which it is manifest.
U5 Essay 1
1.The web shatter s focus, rewire s brains.
2. There is much we can surmi.
3. Introducing hyperlink s into text displayed on monitor s would be a boon to learning.
4. Freed from lockstep reading demanded by printed pages, readers would make all sorts of new intellectual connections. 相当长的时期
利润；饥荒
没收；统治阶级
发育不良的（stunting 萎缩的）营养不良；卫生条件
大多数（massive 大量的）；身材人类学家
遗传
难懂的
可怕的，令人震惊的
阶段，时期
尖端；分层的；严格的
模块化的；混沌的；职业上的
简言之；强制
专家；扁平化
同质化
据宣称；
冲淡；被嵌入
孤立的（isolation 隔离，孤立）情感
抓住本质
渗透
评论员；主张
卑鄙的
传递价值
错综复杂的
大众市场中；区分
属性，特质
方面
追求；新奇事物
（瞄准）商机
静态的（dynamic 动态的）
淡化
类似（remblance相似之处）无数的（a myriad of 大量）
显然的
打破；重新连接
猜测
显示屏
有益于
按部就班的
