2005年考研英语试题及答案(2)
Text 2
Do you remember all tho years when scientists argued that smoking would kill
us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonn, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are uptting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Hou, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourlves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world ba important policies on the best judgments that scie
nce can provide concerning the future conquences of prent actions.”
Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White Hou is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advirs still don't take global warming riously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more rearch-a classic ca of “paralysis by analysis”.
To rve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic rearch But rearch alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin
fashioning conrvation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many e that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our e
nergy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that tho new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
为官 A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
蛋卷头发型图片 C. people had the freedom to choo their own way of life.
D. antismoking people were usually talking nonn.
泥泞读音 27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can rve as
A. a protector.
B. a judge.
C. a critic.
D. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)
A. Endless studies kill action.
B. Careful investigation reveals truth.
C. prudent planning hinders.
D. Extensive rearch helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B. Rai public awareness of conrvation.
C. Press for further scientific rearch.
D. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking becau
A. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
D. both of them have turned from bad to wor.
Text 3
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams em to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguid shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noi” the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now rearchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” And one leading authority says that the intenly powerful mental events can be not only harnesd but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change it.”
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especially active, while the pr
efrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy of depresd, and tho feelings can stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep rearcher Dr, William Dement.
合理饮食 And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exerci conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is uptting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its cour. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of incurity have incread people's anxiety. Tho suffering from persistent nightmares should ek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
31. Rearchers have come to believe that dreams
A. can be modified in their cours.
B. are susceptible to emotional changes.
C. reflect our innermost desires and fears.
D. are a random outcome of neural repairs.
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
再见了老师 A. its function in our dreams.
B. the mechanism of REM sleep.
C. the relation of dreams to emotions.
D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex.
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
A. aggravate in our unconscious mind.
B. develop into happy dreams.
C. persist till the time we fall asleep.
D. show up in dreams early at night.
34.Cartwright ems to suggest that
A. waking up in time is esntial to the ridding of bad dreams.
B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll.
C. dreams should be left to their natural progression.
D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.
出师表成语 35. What advice might Cartwright give to tho who sometimes have had dreams?
A. lead your life as usual.
B. Seek professional help.
C. Exerci conscious control.
D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
Text 4
American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themlves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and wh
y we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conrvative views, es the triumph of 1960s
counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey
complex ideas He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight becau we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would em old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and propos no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than uful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
A. is inevitable in radical education reforms.
B. is but all too natural in language development.
C. has caud the controversy over the counter-culture.
D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.
37. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotes
A. modesty.
万圣节创意文案 B. personality.
C. liveliness.
D. informality.
38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?
A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.
39. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's
A. interest in their language.
B. appreciation of their efforts.
C. admiration for their memory.
D. contempt for their old-fashionedness.
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
A. “temporary” is to “permanent”.
B. “radical” is to “conrvative”.
主管培训 C. “functional” is to “artistic”.
D. “humble” is to “noble”.
