2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二 真题及参考答案
Section I U of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choo the best word（s） for each numbered black and mark A, B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。 （10 points）
一封信的格式The Internet affords anonymity to its urs, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech。 But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber—crime that has 1 across the Web。
Can privacy be prerved 2 bringing safety and curity to a world that ems increasingly 3 ？
Last month, Howard Schmidt， the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place—a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might u a smart identity card， or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate urs at a range of online rvices。
The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems。 Ur could 9 which system to join, and only registered urs who identities have been authenticated could navigate tho systems。 The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s licen 10 by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have the“single sign-on" systems that make it possible for urs to 11 just once but u many different rvices。
12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights" to establish a n of a 13 community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem" in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs".
Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach； others are concerned。 It ems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive's licen” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer curity experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr。 Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet urs should be 20 to register and identify themlves, in the same way that drivers must be licend to drive on public roads。
1． | A.swept | B。skipped | C。walked | D。ridden |
2． | A。for | B。within | C。while | D.though |
3． | A.careless | B。lawless | C。pointless | D。helpless |
4． | A。reason | B.reminder | C.compromi | D.proposal |
5． | A。information | B。interference | C.entertainment | D.equivalent |
6． | A。by | B.into | C.from | D.over |
7． | A。linked | B.directed | C。chained | D.compared |
8． | A。dismiss | B。discover | C.create | 如果怎么造句D.improve |
9． | A.recall | B.suggest | C。lect | D.realize |
10． | A.relcad腥红假期 | B。issued | C.distributed | D.delivered |
五一休几天11． | 团队群名 A。carry on | B.linger on | C。t in | D.log in |
12． | A。In vain | B。In effect | C。In return | 桃花泡水D。In contrast |
13． | A。trusted | B.modernized | c.thriving | D。competing |
14． | A。caution | B。delight | C.confidence | D。patience |
15． | A.on | B.after | C.beyond | 酸奶用英语怎么说D.across |
16． | A。divided | B。disappointed | C.protected | D。united |
17． | A。frequestly | B。incidentally | C.occasionally | D。eventually |
18． | A。skepticism | B.relerance | C。indifference | D。enthusiasm |
19． | A.manageable | B.defendable | 篮球怎么画C。vulnerable | D。invisible |
20． | A.invited | B。appointed | C。allowed | D.forced |
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Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts。 Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (40points）
Text 1
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism。 But by the end of 2009 Ms。 Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let tho enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms。 Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time， she said。
Outside directors are suppod to rve as helpful, yet less biad， advirs on a firm's board。 H
aving made their wealth and their reputations elwhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals。 If the sky, and the share price is falling， outside directors should be able to give advice bad on having weathered their own cris.
The rearchers from Ohio University ud a databa hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next。 The most likely reason for departing a board was age， so the rearchers concentrated on tho “surpri" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surpri departure, the probability that the company will subquently have to restate earnings incread by nearly 20％. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increas， and the stock is likely to perform wor。 The effect tended to be larger for larger firms。 Although a correlation between them leaving and subquent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up。” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
