摘要
固结良好的陆相沉积地层中，砂岩速度通常高于泥岩，有效砂岩速度则介于低速泥岩与高速致密砂岩之间。在复杂的构造背景、沉积环境及成岩作用影响下，地震中的有效储层信息往往被更多非储层信息所掩盖。有效储层预测的准确性，决定着隐蔽油气藏勘探、开发的风险与成本。
本文以高邮凹陷南部陡坡带戴一段为研究对象，首先以岩石物理-地质建模-地震正演研究为切入点，从成因出发，研究储层、非储层因素对地震响应的贡献；再以地质成因为指导，去伪存真，从地震中获取有效储层信息，建立了适合陆相沉积盆地的有效砂体地震预测技术系列，成果和认识如下：
（1）对影响戴一段地震响应的储层、非储层因素进行宏观排序，按重要性依次为：压实作用与固结史、沉积旋回、岩性、孔隙度、流体——明确了储层的贡献地位。
（2）结合岩石物理正演与钻井实测资料，定量分析了岩性、孔隙度、流体、埋深、沉积旋回对岩石弹性参数的影响，建立了不同砂组的储层参数解释量板。
（3）结合地震正演模型与实际地震，分析储层参数与地震振幅、相位、频率、波形的关系，明确了储层地震敏感属性。
（4）针对横向相变快、井点分布不均的问题，建立相控-测井约束反演流程，使地震反演成果更符合地
质规律。
管理培训课（5）针对纵向沉积旋回多、埋深跨度大、砂岩与泥岩速度叠置的问题，建立岩石物理分步解释技术，剔除非储层信息，实现储层参数定量预测。
（6）优化了地质统计学反演流程，使其适用于井控少的勘探区块，有效提高了储层预测纵向分辨率。
（7）针对不同地质、地震条件，组建合适的储层预测路线，落实一批隐蔽圈闭，发现了肖15、周64、邵23、黄166等一批隐蔽油藏。
关键词：高速砂岩，岩石物理，地震正演，储层预测
I
Effective sand prediciton method on thin sand
with high velocity in continental facies
Liao Wenting（Geological Engineering）
Directed by Prof. Yin Xingyao and Senior Engineer Hu Bin
Abstract
In the continental facies strata with good consolidation, sand velocity is usually higher than shale velocity, and the velocity of effective sand is between that of shale and sand. Due to the impact of complex structural background, dimentary environment and diagenism, the information of effective rervoir is always concealed by non-rervoir information. The accuracy of effective rervoir prediction decides the risk and cost of the subtle oil&gas exploration and development.
Aiming at Dai 1 formation on abrupt slope in southern Gaoyou Sag, bad on petrophysics-geologic modeling-ismic forward modeling, rervoir and non-rervoir elements were studied. Under the guidance of geologic contributing factors, effective rervoir information was acquired, and effective sand prediction technique ries was t up. The outcome is as follows:
(1) According to the importance for ismic respon, ranking of rervoir and non-rervoir factors is: impaction and solidation, dimentary cycle, lithology, porosity and fluid (former are more important).
(2) Integrated with petrophysical forward modeling and practical drilling data, the impact of lithology, porosity, fluid, depth and dimentary cycle on rock elastic parameters was quantitatively analyzed, and rervoir parameter interpretation templates for different sand groups were established.
(3) Integrated with ismic forward models and practical ismic data, the relation between rervoir parameters and ismic amplitude, pha, frequency and waveform were analyzed, and nsitive ismic attribute was confirmed.
(4) Aiming at the lateral facies variation and uneven well distribution, the process of facies controlled- log constrained inversion was established to make the inversion results in accordance with geological rules.
(5) Aiming at problems of multiple dimentary cycles, big depth variation, sand-shale velocity overlap, the step by step petrophysical interpretation technique was t up to get rid of non-rervoir information and predict rervoir parameters quantitively.
(6) Optimize the geostatistics inversion process, thus the method could adapt to exploration area with few well control, and could improve the vertical resolution of the rervoir prediction.
II
(7) Aiming at different geologic and ismic condition, subtle oil pools such as Xiao15, Zhou64, Shao23 and Huang166 were discovered.
笔记本电脑键盘Key words: high velocity sand, petrophysics, ismic forward modeling, ismic inversion, rervoir prediction
怎么报四级III
目录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 陆相沉积盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探技术现状 (1)
1.2 陆相高速砂岩地震预测的技术难点 (2)
1.3 研究区概况 (3)
1.3.1 勘探研究概况 (3)
1.3.2 区域地质概况 (3)
1.3.3 研究目标与思路 (11)
第二章陆相高速砂岩的岩石物理特征 (12)
2.1 测井储层评价 (12)
2.1.1 “四性”特征分析 (12)
2.1.2 测井曲线预处理 (15)
2.1.3 储层参数解释 (16)
含辛茹苦的意思矛盾论实践论2.2 岩石物理正演模拟 (17)
2.2.1 岩石物理理论模型比较 (17)
2.2.2 技术方法与参数选择 (20)
2.2.3 正演结果合理性分析 (24)
2.3 岩石物理影响因素排序 (24)
2.3.1 埋深变化和固结史对岩石弹性参数的影响 (24)
2.3.2 沉积旋回对岩石弹性参数的影响 (27)
2.3.3 储层特征对岩石弹性参数的影响 (29)
2.4 岩石物理解释量板 (30)
2.4.1 岩性解释量板 (30)
2.4.2 孔隙度解释量板 (33)
2.4.3 流体解释量板 (34)
第三章陆相高速砂岩的地震响应特征 (35)
3.1 地质建模与地震正演 (35)
3.1.1 储层地质建模 (35)
3.1.2 地震数值模拟 (36)
3.1.3 地质-地震反射界面对应关系 (37)
3.2 地震响应影响因素排序 (38)
IV
3.2.1 埋深对地震响应的宏观影响掩盖了储层信息 (39)
3.2.2 沉积旋回是引起E2d1层间地震反射的主因 (40)
3.2.3 不同岩性组合引起的地震响应变化 (40)
3.2.4 物性、流体引起的地震反射变化量较小 (44)
3.3 储层地震敏感属性分析 (45)
第四章陆相高速砂岩的地震预测方法研究 (47)
4.1 常用的地震储层预测技术 (47)
4.2 相控-测井约束反演 (49)
4.2.1 常规测井约束反演的基本原理 (49)
4.2.1 相控-测井约束反演的思路与流程 (50)
我心是海洋
4.2.3 应用效果与可信度评估 (52)
4.3 岩石物理分步解释预测有效砂体 (53)
4.3.1 岩石物理解释量板的优化 (53)
4.3.2 储层参数分步解释 (54)
4.3.3 有效砂体判别 (56)
4.3.4 技术可行性验证 (56)海带豆腐汤的做法
4.4 地质统计反演流程的优化 (57)
4.4.1 基本思路与技术特点 (57)
4.4.2 横向变差函数的优化 (58)
第五章不同类型砂体的地震预测实例 (61)中国高铁介绍
5.1 扇三角洲前缘河道砂体刻画 (61)
5.1.1 低砂地比区薄互砂体预测 (61)
5.1.2 高砂地比区岩性圈闭识别 (66)
5.2 近岸水下扇体有效砂岩预测 (73)
结论 (77)
参考文献 (78)
攻读硕士学位期间取得的学术成果 (80)
致谢 (81)
V
